Question

what are crustose lichen, foliose lichen and fructicose lichen? explain

Answer 1

Crustose lichens form a crust that strongly adheres to the substrate (soil, rock, tree bark, etc.), making separation from the substrate impossible without destruction. The basic structure of crustose lichens consists of a cortex layer, an algal layer, and a medulla. The upper cortex layer is differentiated and is usually pigmented. The algal layer lies beneath the cortex.

A foliose lichen is one of a variety of lichens, which are complex organisms that arise from the symbiotic relationship between fungi and a photosynthetic partner, typically algae. This partnership allows lichen to live in diverse climates that can range from cold, dry mountains to wet, warm valleys.

A fruticose lichen is a form of lichen fungi that is characterized by a shrubby or bushy growth structure. It is composed of a thallus and a holdfast. The lichen is formed from a symbiotic relationship of a photobiont such as cyanobacteria and a mycobiont such as fungus.