Question

what are different ways of nitrogen fixation from the atmosphere​

Answer 1

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Nitrogen fixation is the process by which nitrogen gas from the atmosphere is converted into different compounds that can be used by plants and animals. There are three major ways in which this happens: first, by lightning; second, by industrial methods; finally, by bacteria living in the soil.

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Answer 2

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The nitrogen cycle describes the path of the element nitrogen through nature. Nitrogen is essential for life. It is found in amino acids, proteins, and genetic material. Nitrogen is the most abundant element in the atmosphere . However, gaseous nitrogen must be 'fixed' into another form so that it can be used by living organisms.

Nitrogen Fixation

Bacteria are key players in the nitrogen cycle.

Bacteria are key players in the nitrogen cycle. US EPA

There are two main ways nitrogen is 'fixed':

Fixation by Lightning: The energy from lightning causes nitrogen (N2) and water (H2O) to combine to form ammonia (NH3) and nitrates (NO3). Precipitation carries the ammonia and nitrates to the ground, where they can be assimilated by plants.

Biological Fixation: About 90% of nitrogen fixation is done by bacteria. Cyanobacteria convert nitrogen into ammonia and ammoniumN2 + 3 H2 → 2 NH3

Ammonia can be used by plants directly. Ammonia and ammonium may be further reacted in the nitrification process.