What are guard cells?
Answers
Guard cells are important for functioning of stomata .
Each stoma is guarded by a pair of bean shaped guard cells which govern the opening and closing of stomatal aperture.
That's why they are important.
Stomata :
Cells form a continuous layer , but in leavers epidermis has small openings called stomata.
Stomata in the epidermis of leaves help in gaseous exchange during respiration and photosynthesis.
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Guard cells are specialized plant cells in the epidermis of leaves, stems and other organs that are used to control gas exchange. They are produced in pairs with a gap between them that forms a stomatal pore. The stomatal pores are largest when water is freely available and the guard cells turgid, and closed when water availability is critically low and the guard cells become flaccid. Photosynthesis depends on the diffusion of carbon dioxide (CO2) from the air through the stomata into the mesophyll tissues. Oxygen (O2), produced as a byproduct of photosynthesis, exits the plant via the stomata. When the stomata are open, water is lost by evaporation and must be replaced via the transpiration stream, with water taken up by the roots. Plants must balance the amount of CO2 absorbed from the air with the water loss through the stomatal pores, and this is achieved by both active and passive control of guard cell turgor pressure and stomatal pore size.
