what are lipids?
12th zoology
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any of a class of organic compounds that are fatty acids or their derivatives and are insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents. They include many natural oils, waxes, and steroids.
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Lipids are organic compounds that contain hydrocarbons which are the foundation for the structure and function of living cells. Lipids are nonpolar so they are soluble in nonpolar environments thus not being water soluble because water is polar.
Lipids are important in biological systems because they form the cell membrane
Lipids also provide energy for life and several essential vitamins are lipids.
Classification of Lipids
Simple lipids: Esters of fatty acids with various alcohols.
Fats: Esters of fatty acids with glycerol. Oils are fats in the liquid state.
Waxes: Esters of fatty acids with higher molecular weight monohydric alcohols
Complex Lipids: Esters of fatty acids containing groups in addition to an alcohol and a fatty acid.
Phospholipids: Lipids containing, in addition to fatty acids and an alcohol, a phosphoric acid residue. They frequently have nitrogen-containing bases and other substituents, eg, in glycerophospholipids the alcohol is glycerol and in sphingophospholipids the alcohol is sphingosine.
Glycolipids (glycosphingolipids): Lipids containing a fatty acid, sphingosine, and carbohydrate.
Other complex lipids: Lipids such as sulfolipids and amino lipids. Lipoproteins may also be placed in this category
Precursor and derived lipids
These include fatty acids, glycerol, steroids, other alcohols, fatty aldehydes, and ketone bodies, hydrocarbons, lipid soluble vitamins, and hormones. Because they are uncharged, acylglycerols (glycerides), cholesterol, and cholesteryl esters are termed neutral lipids.
Lipids are important in biological systems because they form the cell membrane
Lipids also provide energy for life and several essential vitamins are lipids.
Classification of Lipids
Simple lipids: Esters of fatty acids with various alcohols.
Fats: Esters of fatty acids with glycerol. Oils are fats in the liquid state.
Waxes: Esters of fatty acids with higher molecular weight monohydric alcohols
Complex Lipids: Esters of fatty acids containing groups in addition to an alcohol and a fatty acid.
Phospholipids: Lipids containing, in addition to fatty acids and an alcohol, a phosphoric acid residue. They frequently have nitrogen-containing bases and other substituents, eg, in glycerophospholipids the alcohol is glycerol and in sphingophospholipids the alcohol is sphingosine.
Glycolipids (glycosphingolipids): Lipids containing a fatty acid, sphingosine, and carbohydrate.
Other complex lipids: Lipids such as sulfolipids and amino lipids. Lipoproteins may also be placed in this category
Precursor and derived lipids
These include fatty acids, glycerol, steroids, other alcohols, fatty aldehydes, and ketone bodies, hydrocarbons, lipid soluble vitamins, and hormones. Because they are uncharged, acylglycerols (glycerides), cholesterol, and cholesteryl esters are termed neutral lipids.
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