Question

what are longitudinal waves and the wave equation for them

Answer 1

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Mechanical waves are classified as longitudinal waves and transverse waves. Longitudinal waves occur in the large solids and also in engineering fluids. Longitudinal waves include sound waves, seismic P-waves, and ultrasound waves. These waves are known as compression waves as they develop compression and rarefaction while travelling through any medium. When the particles are together, the pressure is high and the region is known as compression and when the particles are apart, the pressure is low and the region is known as rarefaction.

mechanical waves

, known as the transverse waves are waves where the displacement of the medium is at right angles to the direction of propagation and are known as t-waves. These waves need a medium to travel through. A wave along with the length of a spring is a good visualization where the distance between the coils increases or decreases.

Answer 2

Longitudinal Wave Formula

y is the displacement of the point on the traveling sound wave. x is the distance the point traveled from the wave's source. t is the time elapsed. y0 is the amplitude of the oscillations.