Question

What Are Lysosomes.???​

Answer 1

Answer:

$\huge\red{\mid{\fbox{\tt{ᴀɴsᴡᴇʀ }}\mid}}$

A lysosome is a membrane-bound cell organelle that contains digestive enzymes. Lysosomes are involved with various cell processes. They break down excess or worn-out cell parts. ... If the cell is damaged beyond repair, lysosomes can help it to self-destruct in a process called programmed cell death, or apoptosis.

• Elo jiju ye meli spam proof id ..xD

Answer 2

$\huge\underline\orange{Lysosome}$

ᴀ ʟʏsᴏsᴏᴍᴇ (/ˈʟᴀɪsəˌsᴏʊᴍ/) ɪs ᴀ ᴍᴇᴍʙʀᴀɴᴇ-ʙᴏᴜɴᴅ ᴏʀɢᴀɴᴇʟʟᴇ ғᴏᴜɴᴅ ɪɴ ᴍᴀɴʏ ᴀɴɪᴍᴀʟ ᴄᴇʟʟs. ᴛʜᴇʏ ᴀʀᴇ sᴘʜᴇʀɪᴄᴀʟ ᴠᴇsɪᴄʟᴇs ᴛʜᴀᴛ ᴄᴏɴᴛᴀɪɴ ʜʏᴅʀᴏʟʏᴛɪᴄ ᴇɴᴢʏᴍᴇs ᴛʜᴀᴛ ᴄᴀɴ ʙʀᴇᴀᴋ ᴅᴏᴡɴ ᴍᴀɴʏ ᴋɪɴᴅs ᴏғ ʙɪᴏᴍᴏʟᴇᴄᴜʟᴇs. ᴀ ʟʏsᴏsᴏᴍᴇ ʜᴀs ᴀ sᴘᴇᴄɪғɪᴄ ᴄᴏᴍᴘᴏsɪᴛɪᴏɴ, ᴏғ ʙᴏᴛʜ ɪᴛs ᴍᴇᴍʙʀᴀɴᴇ ᴘʀᴏᴛᴇɪɴs, ᴀɴᴅ ɪᴛs ʟᴜᴍᴇɴᴀʟ ᴘʀᴏᴛᴇɪɴs. ᴛʜᴇ ʟᴜᴍᴇɴ's ᴘʜ (~4.5–5.0)ɪs ᴏᴘᴛɪᴍᴀʟ ғᴏʀ ᴛʜᴇ ᴇɴᴢʏᴍᴇs ɪɴᴠᴏʟᴠᴇᴅ ɪɴ ʜʏᴅʀᴏʟʏsɪs, ᴀɴᴀʟᴏɢᴏᴜs ᴛᴏ ᴛʜᴇ ᴀᴄᴛɪᴠɪᴛʏ ᴏғ ᴛʜᴇ sᴛᴏᴍᴀᴄʜ. ʙᴇsɪᴅᴇs ᴅᴇɢʀᴀᴅᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴏғ ᴘᴏʟʏᴍᴇʀs, ᴛʜᴇ ʟʏsᴏsᴏᴍᴇ ɪs ɪɴᴠᴏʟᴠᴇᴅ ɪɴ ᴠᴀʀɪᴏᴜs ᴄᴇʟʟ ᴘʀᴏᴄᴇssᴇs, ɪɴᴄʟᴜᴅɪɴɢ sᴇᴄʀᴇᴛɪᴏɴ, ᴘʟᴀsᴍᴀ ᴍᴇᴍʙʀᴀɴᴇ ʀᴇᴘᴀɪʀ, ᴀᴘᴏᴘᴛᴏsɪs, ᴄᴇʟʟ sɪɢɴᴀʟɪɴɢ, ᴀɴᴅ ᴇɴᴇʀɢʏ ᴍᴇᴛᴀʙᴏʟɪsᴍ.

$\huge\blue{cσmpσnєnts \: σf \: α \: tчpícαl \: \: αnímαl \: cєll:}$

• ɴᴜᴄʟᴇᴏʟᴜs

• ɴᴜᴄʟᴇᴜs

• ʀɪʙᴏsᴏᴍᴇ (ᴅᴏᴛs ᴀs ᴘᴀʀᴛ ᴏғ )

• ᴠᴇsɪᴄʟᴇ

• ʀᴏᴜɢʜ ᴇɴᴅᴏᴘʟᴀsᴍɪᴄ ʀᴇᴛɪᴄᴜʟᴜᴍ

• ɢᴏʟɢɪ ᴀᴘᴘᴀʀᴀᴛᴜs (ᴏʀ, ɢᴏʟɢɪ ʙᴏᴅʏ)

• ᴄʏᴛᴏsᴋᴇʟᴇᴛᴏɴ

• sᴍᴏᴏᴛʜ ᴇɴᴅᴏᴘʟᴀsᴍɪᴄ ʀᴇᴛɪᴄᴜʟᴜᴍ

• ᴍɪᴛᴏᴄʜᴏɴᴅʀɪᴏɴ

• ᴠᴀᴄᴜᴏʟᴇ

• ᴄʏᴛᴏsᴏʟ (ғʟᴜɪᴅ ᴛʜᴀᴛ ᴄᴏɴᴛᴀɪɴs ᴏʀɢᴀɴᴇʟʟᴇs; ᴡɪᴛʜ ᴡʜɪᴄʜ, ᴄᴏᴍᴘʀɪsᴇs ᴄʏᴛᴏᴘʟᴀsᴍ)

• ʟʏsᴏsᴏᴍᴇ

• ᴄᴇɴᴛʀᴏsᴏᴍᴇ

• ᴄᴇʟʟ ᴍᴇᴍʙʀᴀɴᴇ

ʟʏsᴏsᴏᴍᴇs ᴀᴄᴛ ᴀs ᴛʜᴇ ᴡᴀsᴛᴇ ᴅɪsᴘᴏsᴀʟ sʏsᴛᴇᴍ ᴏғ ᴛʜᴇ ᴄᴇʟʟ ʙʏ ᴅɪɢᴇsᴛɪɴɢ ɪɴ ᴜsᴇ ᴍᴀᴛᴇʀɪᴀʟs ɪɴ ᴛʜᴇ ᴄʏᴛᴏᴘʟᴀsᴍ, ғʀᴏᴍ ʙᴏᴛʜ ɪɴsɪᴅᴇ ᴀɴᴅ ᴏᴜᴛsɪᴅᴇ ᴛʜᴇ ᴄᴇʟʟ. ᴍᴀᴛᴇʀɪᴀʟ ғʀᴏᴍ ᴏᴜᴛsɪᴅᴇ ᴛʜᴇ ᴄᴇʟʟ ɪs ᴛᴀᴋᴇɴ ᴜᴘ ᴛʜʀᴏᴜɢʜ ᴇɴᴅᴏᴄʏᴛᴏsɪs, ᴡʜɪʟᴇ ᴍᴀᴛᴇʀɪᴀʟ ғʀᴏᴍ ᴛʜᴇ ɪɴsɪᴅᴇ ᴏғ ᴛʜᴇ ᴄᴇʟʟ ɪs ᴅɪɢᴇsᴛᴇᴅ ᴛʜʀᴏᴜɢʜ ᴀᴜᴛᴏᴘʜᴀɢʏ. ᴛʜᴇ sɪᴢᴇs ᴏғ ᴛʜᴇ ᴏʀɢᴀɴᴇʟʟᴇs ᴠᴀʀʏ ɢʀᴇᴀᴛʟʏ—ᴛʜᴇ ʟᴀʀɢᴇʀ ᴏɴᴇs ᴄᴀɴ ʙᴇ ᴍᴏʀᴇ ᴛʜᴀɴ ᴛɪᴍᴇs ᴛʜᴇ sɪᴢᴇ ᴏғ ᴛʜᴇ sᴍᴀʟʟᴇʀ ᴏɴᴇs. ᴛʜᴇʏ ᴡᴇʀᴇ ᴅɪsᴄᴏᴠᴇʀᴇᴅ ᴀɴᴅ ɴᴀᴍᴇᴅ ʙʏ ʙᴇʟɢɪᴀɴ ʙɪᴏʟᴏɢɪsᴛ ᴄʜʀɪsᴛɪᴀɴ ᴅᴇ ᴅᴜᴠᴇ, ᴡʜᴏ ᴇᴠᴇɴᴛᴜᴀʟʟʏ ʀᴇᴄᴇɪᴠᴇᴅ ᴛʜᴇ ɴᴏʙᴇʟ ᴘʀɪᴢᴇ ɪɴ ᴘʜʏsɪᴏʟᴏɢʏ ᴏʀ ᴍᴇᴅɪᴄɪɴᴇ ɪɴ .

ʟʏsᴏsᴏᴍᴇs ᴀʀᴇ ᴋɴᴏᴡɴ ᴛᴏ ᴄᴏɴᴛᴀɪɴ ᴍᴏʀᴇ ᴛʜᴀɴ ᴅɪғғᴇʀᴇɴᴛ ᴇɴᴢʏᴍᴇs, ᴀɴᴅ ʜᴀᴠᴇ ᴍᴏʀᴇ ᴛʜᴀɴ ᴍᴇᴍʙʀᴀɴᴇ ᴘʀᴏᴛᴇɪɴs. ᴇɴᴢʏᴍᴇs ᴏғ ᴛʜᴇ ʟʏsᴏsᴏᴍᴇs ᴀʀᴇ sʏɴᴛʜᴇsɪsᴇᴅ ɪɴ ᴛʜᴇ ʀᴏᴜɢʜ ᴇɴᴅᴏᴘʟᴀsᴍɪᴄ ʀᴇᴛɪᴄᴜʟᴜᴍ ᴀɴᴅ ᴇxᴘᴏʀᴛᴇᴅ ᴛᴏ ᴛʜᴇ ɢᴏʟɢɪ ᴀᴘᴘᴀʀᴀᴛᴜs ᴜᴘᴏɴ ʀᴇᴄʀᴜɪᴛᴍᴇɴᴛ ʙʏ ᴀ ᴄᴏᴍᴘʟᴇx ᴄᴏᴍᴘᴏsᴇᴅ ᴏғ ᴄʟɴ ᴀɴᴅ ᴄʟɴ ᴘʀᴏᴛᴇɪɴs. ᴛʜᴇ ᴇɴᴢʏᴍᴇs ᴀʀᴇ ᴛʀᴀғғɪᴄᴋᴇᴅ ғʀᴏᴍ ᴛʜᴇ ɢᴏʟɢɪ ᴀᴘᴘᴀʀᴀᴛᴜs ᴛᴏ ʟʏsᴏsᴏᴍᴇs ɪɴ sᴍᴀʟʟ ᴠᴇsɪᴄʟᴇs, ᴡʜɪᴄʜ ғᴜsᴇ ᴡɪᴛʜ ʟᴀʀɢᴇʀ ᴀᴄɪᴅɪᴄ ᴠᴇsɪᴄʟᴇs. ᴇɴᴢʏᴍᴇs ᴅᴇsᴛɪɴᴇᴅ ғᴏʀ ᴀ ʟʏsᴏsᴏᴍᴇ ᴀʀᴇ sᴘᴇᴄɪғɪᴄᴀʟʟʏ ᴛᴀɢɢᴇᴅ ᴡɪᴛʜ ᴛʜᴇ ᴍᴏʟᴇᴄᴜʟᴇ ᴍᴀɴɴᴏsᴇ -ᴘʜᴏsᴘʜᴀᴛᴇ, sᴏ ᴛʜᴀᴛ ᴛʜᴇʏ ᴀʀᴇ ᴘʀᴏᴘᴇʀʟʏ sᴏʀᴛᴇᴅ ɪɴᴛᴏ ᴀᴄɪᴅɪғɪᴇᴅ ᴠᴇsɪᴄʟᴇs.

ɪɴ , ᴍᴀʀᴄᴏ sᴀʀᴅɪᴇʟʟᴏ ᴀɴᴅ ᴄᴏᴡᴏʀᴋᴇʀs ᴅɪsᴄᴏᴠᴇʀᴇᴅ ᴛʜᴀᴛ ᴛʜᴇ sʏɴᴛʜᴇsɪs ᴏғ ᴍᴏsᴛ ʟʏsᴏsᴏᴍᴀʟ ᴇɴᴢʏᴍᴇs ᴀɴᴅ ᴍᴇᴍʙʀᴀɴᴇ ᴘʀᴏᴛᴇɪɴs ɪs ᴄᴏɴᴛʀᴏʟʟᴇᴅ ʙʏ ᴛʀᴀɴsᴄʀɪᴘᴛɪᴏɴ ғᴀᴄᴛᴏʀ ᴇʙ (ᴛғᴇʙ), ᴡʜɪᴄʜ ᴘʀᴏᴍᴏᴛᴇs ᴛʜᴇ ᴛʀᴀɴsᴄʀɪᴘᴛɪᴏɴ ᴏғ ɴᴜᴄʟᴇᴀʀ ɢᴇɴᴇs. ᴍᴜᴛᴀᴛɪᴏɴs ɪɴ ᴛʜᴇ ɢᴇɴᴇs ғᴏʀ ᴛʜᴇsᴇ ᴇɴᴢʏᴍᴇs ᴀʀᴇ ʀᴇsᴘᴏɴsɪʙʟᴇ ғᴏʀ ᴍᴏʀᴇ ᴛʜᴀɴ ᴅɪғғᴇʀᴇɴᴛ ʜᴜᴍᴀɴ ɢᴇɴᴇᴛɪᴄ ᴅɪsᴏʀᴅᴇʀs, ᴡʜɪᴄʜ ᴀʀᴇ ᴄᴏʟʟᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇʟʏ ᴋɴᴏᴡɴ ᴀs ʟʏsᴏsᴏᴍᴀʟ sᴛᴏʀᴀɢᴇ ᴅɪsᴇᴀsᴇs. ᴛʜᴇsᴇ ᴅɪsᴇᴀsᴇs ʀᴇsᴜʟᴛ ғʀᴏᴍ ᴀɴ ᴀᴄᴄᴜᴍᴜʟᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴏғ sᴘᴇᴄɪғɪᴄ sᴜʙsᴛʀᴀᴛᴇs, ᴅᴜᴇ ᴛᴏ ᴛʜᴇ ɪɴᴀʙɪʟɪᴛʏ ᴛᴏ ʙʀᴇᴀᴋ ᴛʜᴇᴍ ᴅᴏᴡɴ. ᴛʜᴇsᴇ ɢᴇɴᴇᴛɪᴄ ᴅᴇғᴇᴄᴛs ᴀʀᴇ ʀᴇʟᴀᴛᴇᴅ ᴛᴏ sᴇᴠᴇʀᴀʟ ɴᴇᴜʀᴏᴅᴇɢᴇɴᴇʀᴀᴛɪᴠᴇ ᴅɪsᴏʀᴅᴇʀs, ᴄᴀɴᴄᴇʀs, ᴄᴀʀᴅɪᴏᴠᴀsᴄᴜʟᴀʀ ᴅɪsᴇᴀsᴇs, ᴀɴᴅ ᴀɢɪɴɢ-ʀᴇʟᴀᴛᴇᴅ ᴅɪsᴇᴀsᴇs.