What are meant by unit charges in Coulomb's law
Answers
When the electromagnetic theory is expressed in the International System of Units, force is measured in newtons, charge in coulombs, and distance in meters. Coulomb's constant is given by ke =
1
/
4πε0
. The constant ε0 is the vacuum electric permittivity (also known as "electric constant") [23] in C2⋅m−2⋅N−1. It should not be confused with εr, which is the dimensionless relative permittivity of the material in which the charges are immersed, or with their product εa = ε0εr , which is called "absolute permittivity of the material" and is still used in electrical engineering.
The SI derived units for the electric field are volts per meter, newtons per coulomb, or tesla meters per second.
Coulomb's law and Coulomb's constant can also be interpreted in various terms:
Atomic units. In atomic units the force is expressed in hartrees per Bohr radius, the charge in terms of the elementary charge, and the distances in terms of the Bohr radius.
Electrostatic units or Gaussian units. In electrostatic units and Gaussian units, the unit charge (esu or statcoulomb) is defined in such a way that the Coulomb constant k disappears because it has the value of one and becomes dimensionless.
Lorentz–Heaviside units (also called rationalized). In Lorentz–Heaviside units the Coulomb constant is ke =
1
/
4π
and becomes dimensionless.
Gaussian units and Lorentz–Heaviside units are both CGS unit systems. Gaussian units are more amenable for microscopic problems such as the electrodynamics of individual electrically charged particles.[24] SI units are more convenient for practical, large-scale phenomena, such as engineering applications.
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