Question

What are monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia ?

explain all the parts of plantae.

explain all the parts of animalia.

Answer 1

Whittaker classified organisms into 5 kingdoms on the following basis -->

i) Cell structure ( prokaryotic or eukaryotic)
ii) Mode of nutrition (autotrophic or heterotrophic)
iii) Body organisation (unicellular or multicellular)

There are 5 kingdoms --
1) Monera (single)
2) Protista (primitive)
3) Fungi ( mushroom)
4) Plantae (plants)
5) Animalia (animals)

1) MONERA

i) They are unicellular prokaryotes.
ii) Mode of nutrition can be either autotrophic or heterotrophic.
iii) Some have cell wall; cell wall is made up murein or peptidoglycan.
iv) Examples --> mycoplasma, cyanobacteria

2) PROTISTA

i) They are unicellular eukaryotes.
ii) Mode of nutrition can be autotrophic or heterotrophic.
iii) They have appendages for locomotion like cilia, flagella even pseudopodia (in Amoeba) .
iv) Example --> Paramecium, Euglena, Amoeba

3) FUNGI

i) They are multicellular eukaryotes.
ii) They are heterotrophic particularly parasitic and decomposers.
iii) They store their food as glycogen.
iv) Cell wall is made up of tough chitin.
v) Example --> Penicillium, Agaricus, Rhizopus

4) PLANTAE

i) They are multicellular eukaryotes.
ii) They have protective cell wall.
iii) They are non-motile, fixed at one place.
iv) Mode of nutrition is autotrophic , they prepare their own food by process called photosynthesis.
v) They store food as lipids and starch.
vi) They have plastids, large vacuoles.
vii) Their growth is unlimited; it goes on till death.
viii) They don't have definite shape and size.
ix) Example -->Rosa indica , Zea mays, Funaria

5) ANIMALIA

i) They are multicellular eukaryotes.
ii) They have definite shape and size.
iii) They are able to locomote easily.
iv) They don't have cell walls.
v) Mode of nutrition is heterotrophic.
vi) They store food as glycogen and fat.
vii) They don' have plastids , small vacuoles are present.
viii) Growth is limited; there is specific age till the time they grow.
ix) Example --> Homo sapiens , Lepisma, Wuchereria bancrofti, etc.

Answer 2

The five kingdom classification was proposed by Robert Whitaker . Whitaker proposed that organisms should be broadly divided into Kingdoms , based on certain characters like the structure of cell , mode and source of nutrition , interrelationships , body organisation and reproduction . According to this system ; there are five main kingdoms . they are :

• Kingdom monera
• Kingdom protista
• Kingdom fungi
• Kingdom animalia
• Kingdom plantae

Kingdom Monera -

Prokaryotic

Unicellular

Autotrophs / Heterotrophs

Some have cell wall , some doesn't

Kingdom Protista -

Eukaryotic

Unicellular

Autotrophs / Heterotrophs

Movement - Cilia , flagella , pseudopodia

Kingdom Fungi -

Eukaryotic

Mostly multicellular

Heterotrophs / saprophytic

Cell wall - chitin

Some with symbiotic association with blue-green algae

Kingdom Plantae -

Eukaryotic

Multicellular

Autotrophs

cell wall- cellulose

Kingdom Animalia -

Eukaryotic

Multicellular

Heterotrophs

Cell wall- absent

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