Question

what are monosaccharides​

Answer 1

Monosaccharides (from Greek monos: single, sacchar: sugar), also called simple sugar, are the simplest form of sugar and the most basic units of carbohydrates.[1] They cannot be further hydrolyzed to simpler chemical compounds. The general formula is C

nH

2nO

n. They are usually colorless, water-soluble, and crystalline solids. Some monosaccharides have a sweet taste.

Examples of monosaccharides include glucose (dextrose), fructose (levulose), and galactose. Monosaccharides are the building blocks of disaccharides (such as sucrose and lactose) and polysaccharides (such as cellulose and starch). Each carbon atom that supports a hydroxyl group is chiral, except those at the end of the chain. This gives rise to a number of isomeric forms, all with the same chemical formula. For instance, galactose and glucose are both aldohexoses, but have different physical structures and chemical properties.

The monosaccharide glucose plays a pivotal role in metabolism, where the chemical energy

is extracted through glycolysis and the citric acid cycle to provide energy to living organisms. Some other monosaccharides can be converted in the living organism to glucose.

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Answer 2

Any of the class of sugars (e.g. glucose) that cannot be hydrolysed to give a simpler sugar.

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