Question

. What are reference electrodes? Explain primary and secondary reference electrodes with suitable example
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Answer 1

Explanation:

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Answer 2

Explanation:

A reference electrode is an electrode which has a stable and well-known electrode potential. The high stability of the electrode potential is usually reached by employing a redox system with constant concentrations of each participant of the redox reaction. There are many ways reference electrodes are used.

Primary reference electrodes:-

The standard reference point for electrochemical potentials is the hydrogen electrode (H+/H2). This is the primary reference electrode. The problem with this reference is that the proton concentration should be 1 Molar, i.e. a highly acid solution. This is not desirable for many practical applications. You also need to have a continuous supply of hydrogen

Secondary reference electrodes:-

A secondary reference electrode, such as the ubiquitous Ag/AgCl reference electrode, is applicable across a wider range of pH values, cheap and robust. However, for pH dependent redox reactions (e.g. hydrogen or oxygen evolution) it is critical to understand that a typical secondary reference will require a correction of around 50 mV for each pH unit. It is also necessary to correct for the potential difference between the secondary reference and and the primary reference based on the hydrogen electrode

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