Question

what are similarities between the forest laws introduced by the colonial rulers in India and jawa?

Answer 1

The similarities between colonial management of the forests in Bastar and Java were :
1) Forest laws were enacted in Java and Bastar.
These laws restricted villagers’ access to forests.
2) Timber could be cut from only specified forests and under close supervision.
3) Villagers were punished for entering forests and collecting forest products without a permit.
4) Permits were issued to the villagers for entry into forests and collection of forest products.
Both had a forest service.
5) Both followed a system of forestry which was known as scientific forestry.
6)In both places, Forest Acts meant severe hardship for villagers. Their everyday practices — cutting wood for their houses, grazing their cattle, collecting fruits and roots, hunting and fishing became illegal.
7) Constables and forests guards began to harass people.
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