what are soaps ? Give their structure and preperation?
Answers
Answer:
Soap: Soap is a sodium or potassium salt of a fatty acid(stearic acid, oleic acid, palmitic acid). Sodium soap is present in washing soap, while potassium soap is present in bathing soap.
Preparation of soap:
On heating with sodium hydroxide, vegetable oil or animal fat forms a sodium salt of fatty acid and glycerol. This process is known as saponification.
vegetable oil or Animal fat + Sodium hydroxide
Δ
→ Saponification
Glycerol + Sodium salt of fatty acid(Soap)
Explanation:
It is a mixture of sodium salts of various naturally occurring fatty acids. Soap is produced by saponification or basic hydrolysis reaction of a fat or oil. Currently, sodium carbonate or sodium hydroxide is used to neutralize the fatty acid and convert it to salt. Soaps are sodium or potassium salts of long-chain fatty acids. When triglycerides in fat/oil react with aqueous NaOH or KOH, they are converted into soap and glycerol. This is called alkaline hydrolysis of esters. Since this reaction leads to the formation of soap, it is called the Saponification process.
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