What are the 12 principles of green chemistry?
Answers
Heya sakna here
The twelve principles of green chemistry are:
Prevention. Preventing waste is better than treating or cleaning up waste after it is created.
Atom economy. Synthetic methods should try to maximize the incorporation of all materials used in the process into the final product.
Less hazardous chemical syntheses. Synthetic methods should avoid using or generating substances toxic to humans and/or the environment.
Designing safer chemicals. Chemical products should be designed to achieve their desired function while being as non-toxic as possible.
Safer solvents and auxiliaries. Auxiliary substances should be avoided wherever possible, and as non-hazardous as possible when they must be used.
Design for energy efficiency. Energy requirements should be minimized, and processes should be conducted at ambient temperature and pressure whenever possible.
Use of renewable feedstocks. Whenever it is practical to do so, renewable feedstocks or raw materials are preferable to non-renewable ones.
Reduce derivatives. Unnecessary generation of derivatives—such as the use of protecting groups—should be minimized or avoided if possible; such steps require additional reagents and may generate additional waste.
Catalysis. Catalytic reagents that can be used in small quantities to repeat a reaction are superior to stoichiometric reagents (ones that are consumed in a reaction).
Design for degradation. Chemical products should be designed so that they do not pollute the environment; when their function is complete, they should break down into non-harmful products.
Real-time analysis for pollution prevention. Analytical methodologies need to be further developed to permit real-time, in-process monitoring and control before hazardous substances form.
Inherently safer chemistry for accident prevention. Whenever possible, the substances in a process, and the forms of those substances, should be chosen to minimize risks such as explosions, fires, and accidental releases.
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Answer:
To address environmental problems brought up in the lab, the green chemistry idea uses cutting-edge scientific solutions.
Explanation:
The goal of green chemistry is to essentially eradicate environmental contamination and minimise chemical-related effects on human health through specialised, long-term preventative efforts. While simultaneously attempting to speed up reactions and lower reaction temperatures, green chemistry looks for alternative, ecologically acceptable reaction medium. These are: -
1. Prevention
Preventing waste is preferable to treating or cleaning up waste after it has already been produced.
2. Economy of Atom
Maximizing the assimilation of all components utilised during the process into the finished product should be a goal of synthetic approaches.
3. Syntheses of Less Dangerous Chemicals
Wherever possible, synthetic ways should be created to use and produce chemicals that are safe for both the environment and humans.
4. Designing Safer Chemicals
Chemicals should be created with the least amount of toxicity possible while yet performing the desired purpose.
5. Auxiliaries and safer solvents
Wherever possible, auxiliary compounds (such solvents, separating agents, etc.) should be avoided, and when they are utilised, they should be harmless.
6. Utilizing Energy Efficient Design
Chemical processes demand a lot of energy, which needs to be used as sparingly as possible given the economic and environmental costs. Synthetic procedures are to be carried out as close as practicable to room temperature and pressure.
7.Making Use of Renewable Feedstocks
Anytime it is technically and economically feasible, a raw material or feedstock should be renewable rather than finite.
8. Cut back on derivatives
Derivatization that is not required (such as the use of blocking groups, protection or deprotection, or temporary modification of physical or chemical processes) ought to be reduced or prevented wherever possible because it might produce waste and necessitate the use of extra reagents.
9. Catalysis
Strictly speaking, stoichiometric reagents are inferior to catalytic reagents (as selective as feasible).
10. Designfor degradation
Chemical products ought to be made in such a way that, after serving their purpose, they degrade into harmless byproducts and disappear from the environment.
11. Real-time analysis to prevent pollution
It is necessary to improve analytical approaches to enable real-time, in-process monitoring and control before the creation of hazardous compounds.
12.Chemistry that is inherently safer and reduces accidents
To reduce the likelihood of chemical accidents, such as releases, explosions, and fires, substances and the form of a material should be employed in a chemical process.