what are the 3 types of biological pyramid
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Guy is correct in the sense that no scientific theory can ever, strictly speaking, be "proved". Both types of logic used by science -- inductive and deductive - cannot prove. Deductive logic, however, can conclusively disprove, or falsify. So the things in science that we are really sure about are the theories that have been falsified: the earth is not flat, the earth is not the center of the solar system, proteins are not the material of heredity, and each species was not specially created in its present form. Even when we present something positive, it is actually the result of having falsified every other explanation! For instance, when scientists recently announced the discovery of gravity waves, they spent from September to the announcement in February showing that the data could not be anything else but gravity waves. IOW, they falsified any other explanation.
Niles Eldredge described it thus, using one "proof" of evolution:
"On the other hand, the basic prediction of evolution, as we have just seen, is abundantly confirmed. Does this mean that we have proven evolution to be "true"? It is more accurate to say that, thus far, we have failed to falsify the notion of evolution, but it is always possible that new observations will show the apparent pattern of progressive similarity that seems to link up all of life is, in some sense, false. Also, it is possible that someone in the future will come up with an idea other than evolution that will also predict the patterns of similarity we see in the organic realm." Niles Eldredge, The Monkey Business, A Scientist Looks at Creationism, 1982, pg. 38
What was Eldredge referring to when he said "basic prediction of evolution"? It was a nested hierarchy of classification.
What we refer to as "evolution" is actually 5 separate theories:
"1. The nonconstancy of species (the basic theory of evolution)
2. The descent of all organisms from common ancestors (branching evolution).
3.The gradualness of evolution (no saltations, no discontinuities)
4.The multiplication of species (the origin of diversity)
5. Natural selection." Ernst Mayr, What Evolution IS. pg 86
Eldredge was referring to #2. IF all organisms are descended from common ancestors, THEN it would be possible to classify them in a nested hierarchy. Think of gems. Diamonds are unrelated to emeralds, rubies, onyx, etc. Gems are classified each in their own, separate space. Then think of your family. You and your sister are related to your parents, who are related to their grandparents. Your cousins are related to their parents but also related to the same grandparents. Because both you and your cousins track back to the same ancestor, you are classed in a nested hierarchy.
Long before Darwin, Linneaus classified all life he knew about in a single nested hierarchy. Species to genus to family to order to class to phylum to kingdom. Start anywhere, with any species of mammal, and they all get classed back to the same Class -- Mammalia. Do any vertebrate and the classification goes to the phylum Vertebrata. Throw in sponges and the classification goes to Kingdom Animalia.
But humans and fish and birds are also in the animal Kingdom. Nested hierarchy. I strongly suggest you read the book.
HOPE IT HELPS...pLz maRk iT as BraiNliEsT
Guy is correct in the sense that no scientific theory can ever, strictly speaking, be "proved". Both types of logic used by science -- inductive and deductive - cannot prove. Deductive logic, however, can conclusively disprove, or falsify. So the things in science that we are really sure about are the theories that have been falsified: the earth is not flat, the earth is not the center of the solar system, proteins are not the material of heredity, and each species was not specially created in its present form. Even when we present something positive, it is actually the result of having falsified every other explanation! For instance, when scientists recently announced the discovery of gravity waves, they spent from September to the announcement in February showing that the data could not be anything else but gravity waves. IOW, they falsified any other explanation.
Niles Eldredge described it thus, using one "proof" of evolution:
"On the other hand, the basic prediction of evolution, as we have just seen, is abundantly confirmed. Does this mean that we have proven evolution to be "true"? It is more accurate to say that, thus far, we have failed to falsify the notion of evolution, but it is always possible that new observations will show the apparent pattern of progressive similarity that seems to link up all of life is, in some sense, false. Also, it is possible that someone in the future will come up with an idea other than evolution that will also predict the patterns of similarity we see in the organic realm." Niles Eldredge, The Monkey Business, A Scientist Looks at Creationism, 1982, pg. 38
What was Eldredge referring to when he said "basic prediction of evolution"? It was a nested hierarchy of classification.
What we refer to as "evolution" is actually 5 separate theories:
"1. The nonconstancy of species (the basic theory of evolution)
2. The descent of all organisms from common ancestors (branching evolution).
3.The gradualness of evolution (no saltations, no discontinuities)
4.The multiplication of species (the origin of diversity)
5. Natural selection." Ernst Mayr, What Evolution IS. pg 86
Eldredge was referring to #2. IF all organisms are descended from common ancestors, THEN it would be possible to classify them in a nested hierarchy. Think of gems. Diamonds are unrelated to emeralds, rubies, onyx, etc. Gems are classified each in their own, separate space. Then think of your family. You and your sister are related to your parents, who are related to their grandparents. Your cousins are related to their parents but also related to the same grandparents. Because both you and your cousins track back to the same ancestor, you are classed in a nested hierarchy.
Long before Darwin, Linneaus classified all life he knew about in a single nested hierarchy. Species to genus to family to order to class to phylum to kingdom. Start anywhere, with any species of mammal, and they all get classed back to the same Class -- Mammalia. Do any vertebrate and the classification goes to the phylum Vertebrata. Throw in sponges and the classification goes to Kingdom Animalia.
But humans and fish and birds are also in the animal Kingdom. Nested hierarchy. I strongly suggest you read the book.
HOPE IT HELPS...pLz maRk iT as BraiNliEsT
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there are the three types of biological pyramids :
1.pyramid of number
2. pyramid of biomass
3. pyramid of energy
1.pyramid of number
2. pyramid of biomass
3. pyramid of energy
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