Question

what are the activators and deactivators group of nucleophilic substitution reactions?​

Answer 1

In short, the groups that donate electron density to the ring and make it electron-rich are activators. The ones that withdraw the electron density are deactivators.There are two factors that determine if the group is electron donating or withdrawing.

Answer 2

Explanation:

Activating and deactivating basically means making the benzene ring either more reactive or less reactive to a particular attacking species. Suppose aniline, which is NH2 on benzene, makes the benzene ring more reactive towards electron deficient groups i.e, electrophiles by donating an electron pair and making the ring electron rich. It therefore attracts electrophiles making it more reactive.