what are the affects of 1st world war?
Please give the answer in points and understandable language.
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Answers
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(1) Conflict between Imperialist countries: Ambition of Germany
Conflict between old imperialist countries (Eg: Britain and France) vs new imperialist countries (Eg: Germany).
Germany ship – Imperator.
German railway line – from Berlin to Baghdad.
(2) Ultra Nationalism
Pan Slav movement – Russian, Polish, Czhech, Serb, Bulgaria and Greek.
Pan German movement.
(3) Military Alliance
Triple Alliance or Central Powers (1882) – Germany, Italy, Austria-Hungary.
Triple Entente or Allies (1907) – Britain, France, Russia.
Note: Although Italy was a member of the Triple Alliance alongside Germany and Austria-Hungary, it did not join the Central Powers, as Austria-Hungary had taken the offensive, against the terms of the alliance. These alliances were reorganised and expanded as more nations entered the war: Italy, Japan and the United States joined the Allies, while the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria joined the Central Powers.
(4) International Anarchy
Secret agreement between Britain and France allowing Britain to control Egypt and France to take over Morocco. Germany opposed, but settled with a part of French Congo.
Hague conference of 1882 and 1907 failed to emerge as an international organisation.
(5) Balkan Wars
Many Balkan nations (Serbia, Bulgaria, Albania, Greece and Montenegro) were under the control of Turkey. They defeated Turkey in the First Balkan War. The subsequent war was between the Balkan countries themselves – Eg: Serbia vs Bulgaria.
Defeated countries like Turkey and Bulgaria sought German help.
(6) Alsace-Loraine
During German unification, Germany got Alsace-Loraine from France. France wanted to capture Alsace-Loraine back from Germany.
(7) Immediate Cause: assassination of Francis Ferdinand
Austrian Archduke Francis Ferdinand was assassinated by a Serbian native (in Bosnia). Austria declared war on Serbia on 28th July, 1914. [Reason for assassination: Annexation by Austria the Bosnia-Herzegovina, against the congress of Berlin, 1878]
Answer:
Rule of King ended in Germany: Germany became a republic on November 1918.
Around 1 crore people were killed.
Unemployment and famine.
Epidemics.
The fall of Russian empire after October revolution (1917) which resulted in the formation of USSR (1922)
Emergence of USA as a super power.
Beginning of the end of European supremacy.
Japan became a powerful country in Asia.
Poland, Yugoslavia and Czechoslovakia became new independent states.
Baltic countries – Estonia, Latvia and Lithvania – became independent.
Rule of Ottamans came to an end in Turkey.
New boundary lines were drawn for Austria, Germany and Turkey.
Strengthened independence movements in Asia and Africa.