What are the cause and results of deforestation?Discuss.
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Answer:
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The causes of deforestation is that human beings are destroying forests for building more houses, and factories. They are also doing it for the wood. Deforestation affects the climate change as the trees bring rain. It is also destroying the natural habitats of animals.
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Answer:
Causes:
Some important causes for large scale deforestation are outlined as follows:
1. Encroachment of forest land to agriculture:
Rapid growth of population, inequitable land distribution and expansion of export agriculture have reduced the crop land to greater extent. Therefore, the subsistence farmers are forced to grow food by clearing forests.
2. Over grazing:
The overgrazing in the forest lands causes serious damage to both seedling and older trees.
3. High demand for timber:
High demand of developed and developing countries for hard timber and plywood have ruined the world’s tropical forests.
4. Shifting or jhum cultivation:
Shifting cultivation is adopted mainly by the tribal peoples which involves clearing of forest land for cultivation. It is estimated that nearly 5000 km2 of forest land is cleared for this purpose.
5. Clearance for settlement:
Sometimes, the people from over-crowded areas are settled by the government by clearing forests.
6. Natural factors:
Natural factors like flood, drought, fire, decline of water level, cyclonic storm, lightening, snowfall, and diseases earth quake etc. cause massive deforestation.
7. Forest fire:
The forest fire (natural or deliberate) can cause deforestation to a larger extent.
8. Wrong government policies:
The deforestation is also due to wrong policies adopted by the government to collect revenue from products in the name of providing employment to tribals.
9. Demand for fuel wood:
The reliance of rural people for wood as a source of energy (fuel) is also a valid cause for forest denudation. Moreover, the demand pulls of the urban sectors where fuel wood commands exorbitant price, leads to large scale deforestation.
10. Clearance for forest plantation:
now a days, an attempt has been made to replace natural forests by new plantations that are high yielding in timber production.
Consequences of Deforestation:
The process of deforestation has the following detrimental impacts on life, property and environment of the living systems on the earth:
1. Soil erosion:
The depletion of top soil is resulted due to massive deforestation. The loss of top soil decreases the productivity there by putting a stress on availability of food grain.
2. Flood and drought:
Deforestation is directly responsible for greater frequency and intensity of floods and droughts. As per Birla Institute of Scientific research, the Great Indian Desert is advancing at the rate of almost one kilometer per year, due to rapid deforestation.
3. Environmental refugees:
Depletion of forests in developing countries is interlinked with population growth, poverty, illiteracy, urban migration, rural ecosystem etc. Being unable to support their growing population due to deforestation, there happens migration rural people towards urban areas which causes big slums, pollution and sanitation problems, break out of epidemics etc.
4. Global warming:
The concentration of carbon dioxide in the environment becomes higher and higher due to the depletion of forests which are well known absorber of C02. Increase in C02 concentration in environment causes global warming due to green house effect.
5. Fuel wood scarcity:
The availability of fuel wood becomes difficult due to deforestation and there happens a sharp rise in the price of fuel wood. Increase in price of fuel wood exerts high pressure on rural people and induces illegal extraction of wood.
6. Depletion of large number of species:
Depletion of forests has caused extinction of a number of species and their natural habitats.
Hope it helps you