Question

what are the causes and ravages of war according to gulliver

Answer 1

When his Master Houyhnhnm asks Gulliver what prompts wars, Gulliver enumerates the following four categories of reasons:
# Sometimes a monarch's desire for more land or resources or subjects could cause that sovereign to lead his or her country to war with another.

# wars to be caused by politicians who hope to shield their own guilt or corruption from the country's subjects.

# Difference of opinion: Gulliver gives many various examples for this cause to go to war; he mentions everything from whistling to coat color.

Gulliver suggests these additional reasons as well: feuding princes, strong enemies, alliances, and poverty and wealth.