what are the causes of disaster.
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The causes of disaster
The emergency situation warrants extraordinary response in an area. This emergency arises due to a disaster which maybe natural or man-made. Though natural disaster accounts for 80% in the world, India experiences all types of natural disaster, except volcanic activity (Ganguli et al., 1993). The frequency of droughts, floods, earthquakes and cyclones are increasing every year. The northern mountain regions are prone to snow storms, the gangetic plains to floods, the deccan plateau to drought, erratic rainfall and earthquakes of varying intensity; the western desert to limited unreliable rainfall and drought and the coastal areas to sea erosion, cyclones, and tidal waves (Unnikrishnan and Malavika, 1998). Manmade disaster may not harm the animal directly but may threaten in situation like bomb explosion, pollution, industrialization or destruction of the natural habitat. Disasters are not the same as the impact and consequences vary from region to region and from community to community. During disaster, people lose their property and livelihood which take time to recoup. Any form of disaster impacts the weaker sections of the community especially in developing countries as their dependence on animals for livelihood are huge. India has 70% of the livestock owned by 67% of small and marginal farmers and by the landless labours. Though animal stand better chance of survival in an event of a disaster, very less effort have been made in this direction. Likewise, the problem is even grave when animals do not figure anywhere in preparedness, mitigation or rehabilitation. Also, the loss of animals is not being projected accurately. Some of the well accounted disasters
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Causes of natural disasters
>>>There are different types of natural disasters and depending on different types of disasters the causes are also different. For example, the causes of an earthquake cannot be the same as that of forest-fire. Natural disasters are caused due to different reasons like soil erosion, seismic activity, tectonic movements, air pressure, and ocean currents etc. natural disaster is not a new phenomenon these natural events have occurred since the earth began forming and continue to cause serious damage and loss of life all over the globe from many years. The root causes of most of the natural disasters that occur on earth can be attributed to the imbalance created in our environment. This imbalance may either be in the form of air pollution, noise pollution or water pollution and the collective effect of these imbalances are also one of the few reasons for the natural disaster. Though it also a fact that we cannot blame anyone because this is just one of the few reasons. Natural disasters like earthquake, floods etc have also occurred in past era when the human was far away from modernization. So it would not be fair enough to blame modernization for the same.
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>>>Natural activities taking place in the earth’s crust, as well as surface, are the main reasons for these disasters. Seismic activity caused by earthquakes have been the root cause of volcanoes erupting and typhoons. It has been studied that the continents sit on huge plates that occasionally shift and when these plates shift they cause an increase in pressure underneath the earth’s surface which is also a cause of natural disasters. Tectonic movements in the earth’s crust are responsible for the earthquakes, which at times can get really dangerous and may lead to some heavy loss of life and property. In areas where volcanoes have formed by solidified magma, pressure from gasses and magma can explode or erupt to send tons of ash into the atmosphere.
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>>>The activity of the moon determines the ocean waves which can get really high during the full moon and at times these can be really dangerous. It was also observed that deadly December 2004 tsunami also occurred on a full moon night. The earthquake was caused when the Indian Plate was subducted by the Burma Plate and triggered a series of devastating tsunamis along the coasts of most landmasses bordering the Indian Ocean, killing over 230,000 people in fourteen countries, and inundating coastal communities with waves up to 30 meters (98 ft) high. It was one of the deadliest natural disasters in recorded history. Indonesia was the hardest-hit country, followed by Sri Lanka, India, and Thailand.
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>>>Changing ocean currents are also dangerous at times and can result in changes in water temperature which could result in a global food shortage by killing fish and ocean plant life. These changing oceanic currents could also adversely affect the intensity as well as the frequency of storms. Tornadoes which are really dangerous are often formed by the interaction of high and low-pressure air and these have proved to be really dangerous as well as devastating for many communities in the area of America, especially the area of Tornado Alley. Air pressure, high and low determines whether or not we have thunderstorms, rain and hurricanes. Flooding and high winds are caused by the crashing together of low and high-pressure air. Damage caused by flooding and hurricanes along coastal cities and towns can be really difficult to overcome for their victims.
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>>>Natural Disasters are a set of naturally occurring events which can directly or indirectly cause severe threats to human health and well-being and adversely affects the human life for quite some time. It has been witnessed that the natural disasters have their root causes in the normal activities of the earth. However during the past few years, we have witnessed some rapid modernization and growth, man's increased knowledge and technology has served to trigger for some natural disasters. Flooding and erosion can occur are really prone to the areas where mining, deforestation, and manufacturing have taken place. Global warming, which could eventually affect the ocean currents, has its roots in modern man's overuse of fossil fuels. Earthquakes resulting as a result of tectonic movements and movements of plates inside the earth’s crust can also be triggered by drilling, bombing, mining, and construction