What are the characteristics of phylum-porifera?
Answers
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some of the characterstics includes -----
1. Poriferans are commonly called sponges.
2. These are multicellular organisms which are sessile/sedentary in nature.
3. Most of them are marine while a few are fresh water forms.
4. Body is cylindrical, asymmetrical or has radial symmetry.
5. Body wall is diploblastic which consists of an outer layer called pinacoderm and an inner layer called choanoderm.
6. The middle layer is called mesenchyme which has various kinds of wandering amoebocytes.
7. Body wall contains numerous pores called ostia through which water enters in the body through a canal system into the central body cavity, called spongocoel.
8. The canal system mainly comprise of incurrent and excurrent canals which are lined with pinacocytes; and radial canals which are lined with choanocytes (flagellated cells).
9. Body also contains one or more openings called oscula (-um/singular) through which water passes out from the body.
10. Sponges feed on minute organisms and small organic particles which enter the body through water current and are ingested by the choanocytes.
11. Respiration takes place by diffusion of oxygen from water the flowing into the body.
12. Sponges have an exoskeleton which is made up of either spongin fibers or calcareous/siliceous spicules or a combination of both.
13. Excretory product, mainly ammonia, is released from the body through outgoing water current.
14. Reproduction may be asexual or sexual.
Asexual reproduction takes place by external or internal budding (formation of gemmules) or by disintegration of body into reduction bodies.
Sexual reproduction involves internal fertilization. Male gametes enter the sponge body through water current and fertilize with ovum with the help of choanocytes.
15. The larval stage of calcaroeus sponges is amphibalstula while that of demospongiae is rhagon larva.
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Answer:
Sponges, the members of the phylum Porifera, are a basal Metazoa clade as a sister of the Diploblasts. They are multicellular organisms that have bodies full of pores and channels allowing water to circulate through them, consisting of jelly-like mesohyl sandwiched between two thin layers of cells.