Question

what are the contributions of Rajputs to literature

Answer 1

Among the literary works, Kalhana’s Rajatarangini, Prahandhachintamani of Merutunga, Soudhala’s Udayasundarikatha and Adipurana of jinasena, the ‘Dohas’ of Siddhas and many more are useful for reconstructing the social matrix of India.

Though it is generally agreed that this society was based on Vamasrama model, the social relations underwent changes due to the changing material base and the emergence of new social groups, vying for space in hierarchical order.

Answer 2

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During the post-Harsha period and the establishment of the Delhi Sultanate extremely wide ranging source material comprising epigraphic and literary is available to reconstruct the society of the period in general and that of the Rajputsin particular.

Among the literary works, Kalhana’s Rajatarangini, Prahandhachintamani of Merutunga, Soudhala’s Udayasundarikatha and Adipurana of jinasena, the ‘Dohas’ of Siddhas and many more are useful for reconstructing the social matrix of India.

Though it is generally agreed that this society was based on Vamasrama model, the social relations underwent changes due to the changing material base and the emergence of new social groups, vying for space in hierarchical order.

We have to take cognizance of the fact that no Varna seemed to have remained homogenous but underwent fragmentation on account of territorial affiliation, purity of ‘Gotras’ and pursuance of specific crafts, professions and vocations.

In Gujarat and Rajasthan, the Brahmins were identified in terms of their Mula or original place of habitation and divided into Madha, Udichya, Nagara, etc., while intermediary Varnas of the Kshatriyas and the Vaisyas were absent in Bengal and in South India.

The ranks of Kshatriyas multiplied during this period in North India. Many literary works and bardic recitations provide varying lists of 36 clans of Rajputs in North India and it is agreed upon that they arose out of different strata of population of tribal’s, foreign invaders, Kshatriyas and Brahmans.

It appears that some among the captured respectable men were enrolled as the Shekhawat and the Wadhela tribes of Rajputs, while the lower categories were constituted to the castes of Kolis, Khantas and Mers. The political annals of the Rajput dynasties such as the Chahamanas of Rajasthan and the Paramaras of Southern Rajasthan, Gujarat and Malwa offer examples of the clan-based distribution of political authority.

The bardic chronicles of Marwar testify to the fact that Dharanivaraha of the Paramara dynasty of Abu first made himself the master of the Navakot Marwar which he afterwards divided between his nine brothers. We have besides the Paramaras of Malwa, the Paramaras of Abu, Bhinmal, Jalor and Vagoda.

We have Chahamanas of Bhroach as well that of Pratapgarh. Further Chahamanas of Shakambhari were divided into Chahamanas of Nadol, Jalor, Satyapura and Abu. Likewise, the Chapas ruled over small areas like Bhillamala, Vadhiyar in Kathiawad and Anhilapataka in Gujarat. Thus, the new clans and subdivision of earlier clans were drawn into the Rajput political network in a variety of ways.

We also notice the process of caste proliferation among the Vaishyas and the Sudras. The Vaishyas were also identified with regional variations and they are called Shrimals, Palliwals, Nagars and Disawats among others. We also witness the crystallization of the professions of artisans into castes.


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