what are the developments had been made by background classes since independence of india
Answers
Answer:
The Indian state has been more penetrated by social actors than many East and Southeast Asian states. Unlike China, India could neither abolish private enterprise nor could it embrace globalization with the same speed and ferocity. Both complete state-driven nationalization and state-driven globalization would demand a state, which would have much greater command over interest groups like industrialists, farmers and trade unions. Policies favoring economic growth and development in India needed to evolve gradually after building a social consensus on those policies. This is a model of development driven by a relationship between the state and society, where the power of the state, even in its commanding moments, was moderated by the power of social actors.
Answer:
he Constitution provides a framework with a three pronged strategy to improve
the situation of SCs and STs.
1. Protective Arrangements -- Such measures as are required to enforce
equality, to provide punitive measures for transgressions, to eliminate established
practices that perpetuate inequities, etc. A number of laws were enacted to
operationalize the provisions in the Constitution. Examples of such laws include The
Untouchability Practices Act, 1955, Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe (Prevention
of Atrocities) Act, 1989, The Employment of Manual scavengers and Construction of
Dry Latrines (Prohibition) Act, 1993, etc.
2. Affirmative action - provide positive preferential treatment in allotment of jobs
and access to higher education, as a means to accelerate the integration of the SCs
and STs with mainstream society. Affirmative action is also popularly referred to as
Reservation.
3. Development - Provide for resources and benefits to bridge the wide gap in
social and economic condition between the SCs/STs and other communities.