Question

What are the differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration? Name some organisms that use the anaerobic mode of respiration​

Answer 1

The food material taken in during the process of nutrition is used in cells to provide energy for various life processes. Diverse organisms do this in different ways – some use oxygen to breakdown glucose completely into carbon dioxide and water; some use other pathways that do not involve oxygen. In all cases, the first step is the breakdown of glucose, a six-carbon molecule, into a three-carbon molecule called pyruvate. This process takes place in the cytoplasm. Further, the pyruvate may be converted into ethanol and carbon dioxide. This process takes place in yeast during fermentation. Since this process takes place in the absence of air (oxygen), it is called anaerobic respiration. Breakdown of pyruvate using oxygen takes place in the mitochondria. This process breaks up the three-carbon pyruvate molecule to give three molecules of carbon dioxide. The other product is water. Since this process takes place in the presence of air (oxygen), it is called aerobic respiration. The release of energy in this aerobic process is a lot greater than in the anaerobic process.

Answer 2

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1. It is the process of cellular respiration that takes place in the presence of oxygen gas. 
2. It is the process of cellular respiration that takes place in the absence of oxygen gas.

1. It involves the exchange of gases between the organism and the outside environment.
2. Exchange of gases is absent.

1. It can be found in the cytoplasm and the mitochondriaIt can be found only in the cytoplasm.
2. It can be found only in the cytoplasm.

1. Glucose breaks down into carbon dioxide and water.
2. Glucose breaks down into ethyl alcohol, carbon dioxide, and energy.

1. All higher organisms such as mammals have this type of respiration.
2. Lower organisms such as bacteria and yeast use this type.

Organisms that undergo these kinds of respiration

Aerobic respiration: Most of the plants and animals, birds, humans, and other mammals.

Anaerobic respiration: Fermentation in yeast