Question

what are the disorders caused due to hyposecretion and hypersecretion of thyroid hormone?

Answer 1

NCERT based Answer for Class 11 Biology Students

Thyroid Disorders:

Goitre : It is due to deficiency of iodine and is characterized by enlargement of thyroid gland.

Cretinism:

 It is due to hyposecretion of thyroxines during childhood.

 It results in low BMR, stunted growth, mental retardation, deaf–mutism etc.

 It can be corrected by thyroxine administration.

Myxedema:

 It is due to hyposecretion of thyroxine in adults.

 It causes general body edema (swelling), low BMR, tendency to gain weight, general lethargy and mentally less alertness.

 In adult women, it may cause irregular menstrual cycles.

Note: Because brain has already reached maturity, mental retardation does not occur but mental functions may be dulled so that person is less alert.

Grave’s disease/exophthalmic goiter:

 It is an autoimmune disorder in which person produces antibodies that mimic action of TSH but are not regulated by normal negative feedback control. This results in hypersecretion of thyroxine.

 It causes increased BMR, high body temperature, high blood pressure, loss of body weight due to rapid oxidation of food. Peculiar symptom is bulging of eyeballs (exophthalmos).

 Treatment includes:

• Surgical removal of a part of thyroid gland.

• Use of radioactive iodine (I131) to selectively destroy thyroid tissue.

• Use of antithyroid drugs to block synthesis of thyroid hormones.

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Answer 2

The disorders caused due to hyposecretion and hypersecretion of thyroid hormone are given below:

Explanation:

• Disorders caused due to hyposecretion of thyroid hormone are:-

1. When deficiency of iodine occurs in our body, hypothyroidism is caused.

2. Goitre: Hyposecretion of the hormone thyroid causes the thyroid gland to get enlarged. This condition is called goitre.

3. Hypothyroidism in pregnancy: In pregnancy, it affects the maturation and growth of the baby. It may lead to cretinism, abnormal skin, deaf mutism, etc, in the baby.

4. Also, hypothyroidism may lead to irregular cycles in menstruation.

• Disorders caused due to hypersecretion of thyroid hormone are:-

1. Weight loss: Since the release of thyroid hormone is increased, there ocuurs unintentional weight loss.

2. This condition called hyperthyroidism may also cause increased and rapid heartbeat.

3. It also effects the cycle of menstruation.

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