what are the features of Mussolini's facism?
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One huge difference between fascism and other leftwing movements is that fascism harbors absolutely no universalist pretensions. As Mussolini famously remarked of Franco, fascism is not “goods for export”. Thus, while it is difficult to construct a generic fascism because they were so different, it is not impossible. Here are a few characteristics common to all fascisms:
Autocratic rule by a strong, charismatic leader. The lack of such a leader is why more fascist movements weren’t successful.
Fascism identified as the “third way” between liberalism and Marxism.
Fascism saw violence not as a means to an end, but as an end in itself.
Glorified youth and martial valor.
Venerated a romanticized, mythologized history rather than the real thing. This is no doubt one reason why fascism was successful in Italy and Germany, two countries without a long, unified history.
A belief that society and state were here before any of us, and will be here long after we are gone, and that therefore, state and society are more important than the individual.
A penchant for macho theatrics, and public ceremonies and displays to awe and overwhelm attendees.
A strong suspicion that Christianity has done far more harm than good by celebrating weakness over strength.
An overall hypernationalism in which the state becomes all-important.
Autocratic rule by a strong, charismatic leader. The lack of such a leader is why more fascist movements weren’t successful.
Fascism identified as the “third way” between liberalism and Marxism.
Fascism saw violence not as a means to an end, but as an end in itself.
Glorified youth and martial valor.
Venerated a romanticized, mythologized history rather than the real thing. This is no doubt one reason why fascism was successful in Italy and Germany, two countries without a long, unified history.
A belief that society and state were here before any of us, and will be here long after we are gone, and that therefore, state and society are more important than the individual.
A penchant for macho theatrics, and public ceremonies and displays to awe and overwhelm attendees.
A strong suspicion that Christianity has done far more harm than good by celebrating weakness over strength.
An overall hypernationalism in which the state becomes all-important.
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