what are the FIVE significances of controversies among the early church?
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No age of Christianity, not even the early church, has been without its difficulties, controversies, and corruptions. The presence of Judas among the Apostles, and of Ananias and Sapphira among the first disciples (Acts 5) were proofs of the power which moral evil possesses to combine itself with the holiest works.
Two early church controversies would set the tone and direction of Christianity for years to come. The first one took place roughly five years after the Apostle Paul was converted while the second burst onto the scene just before his second missionary journey.
The first great controversy in the early church centers around a unique vision given to Peter and its meaning as it relates to the distribution of the gospel message. It answers the then burning question of whether the gospel should be preached strictly to the Jews or if it should be taken to all people. This singular event, initiated by God, directly challenged the prejudices Jews, like Peter, still harbored toward all others whom they considered as heathen (e.g. Gentiles, non-Israelites, etc.) and inferior.
Christianity has arguably been the most important force in the history of Western civilization. Whether we view it in religious, social, political, or economic terms, Christianity has deeply and integrally influenced the Western worldview and way of life, as well as our most basic notions of selfhood, morality, and ethics. Without the presence and role of Christianity, our world would be considerably different. As such, understanding Christianity is fundamental to understanding our civilization, our culture, and our origins.