What are the main cause of drought and flood ?what part of india are more prone to floods and drought?
Answers
Answer:
Its main causing factor is excessive rainfall in the water catchment area of the rivers. Flood conditions are observed in the coastal areas due to cyclonic rainfall.
In India, the regional and seasonal distribution of rainfall is uneven. On the one hand, Jaislamer receives less than 9 cm of annual rainfall and on the other hand, Mawsynram, near Cherapunji, receives more than 1140 cm of annual rainfall. Similarly, most of the rainfall in India is received in the months of June, July, August and September.
Generally, variations in the amount of rainfall are found more in the regions where the rainfall is uneven and less and these regions are more affected by droughts.
Droughts
Drought is an abnormally long dry season, which creates a clear imbalance in the availability of water. both, the vagaries of monsoon and dominant factor, which cause drought and drought like conditions.
The irrigation commission, on the basis of the amount of rainfall and its variability, has divided the drought affected areas into two types:
Drought Areas: Drought areas have annual rainfall less than 50 cm and variability is more than 25%. Under these areas are included the western Rajasthan, Saurashtra and Katchchar regions.
Flood
When the streams spread their waters in the adjacent areas after cutting their banks, the conditions is called flood. Its main causing factor is excessive rainfall in the water catchment area of the rivers.
Flood Areas:
Areas of Maximum Frequency: The areas where floods occur every year. It includes the Brahmaputra valley, lower Ganga valley, delta regions of Godavari, Krishna, Mahandi and Kaveri and the basins of rivers like Gandak, Kosi, etc.
Areas of Medium Frequency: These areas are affected by floods in five or less years. Most of the flood-affected areas of India are included in it.
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Answer:
Droughts occur when an abnormally long dry period uses up available water resources. Floods happen when watercourses or rain swallow up land that is usually uncovered. These natural disasters are often made worse by human action.
The main causing factor of flood is excessive rainfall in the water catchment area of the rivers. Flood conditions are observed in the coastal areas due to cyclonic rainfall.
Flood-prone areas: As per Geological survey of India, flood prone areas cover 12.5% area of the country