what are the main problems with the globe
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Problems and risks in the domain of earth system governance include global warming, environmental degradation, including extinction of species, famine as a result of non-equitable resource distribution, human overpopulation, crop failures and non-sustainable agriculture.
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Informally, a global issue is any issue that adversely affects the global community and environment, such as environmental issues,political crisis, social issues and economic crisis. Global issues range in severity from minor issues that affect everyone to global catastrophic risks that threaten the existence of the entire human race or its society.
Solutions to global issues generally require cooperation among nations.[1]
In their book Global Issues,[2] Hite and Seitz emphasize that global issues are qualitatively different from international affairs and that the former arise from growing internationalinterdependencies which makes the issues themselves interdependent.[3] It is speculated that our global interconnectedness, instead of (only) making us more resilient, makes us more vulnerable to global catastrophe.[4]
Global issuesEdit
Further information: List of global issues
Presented below are issues relevant to the whole world today.
Artificial intelligence arms raceEdit
An [[]] is a competition between two or more states to have its military forces equipped with the best "artificial intelligence" (AI). Since the mid-2010s, many analysts have argued that such a global arms race for better artificial intelligence has already begun.
According to Siemens, worldwide military spending on robotics was 5.1 billion USD in 2010 and 7.5 billion USD in 2015.[5][6]
China became a top player in artificial intelligence research in the 2010s. According to the Financial Times, in 2016, for the first time, China published more AI papers than the entire European Union. When restricted to number of AI papers in the top 5% of cited papers, China overtook the United States in 2016 but lagged behind the European Union.[7]23% of the researchers presenting at the 2017American Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AAAI) conference were Chinese.[8] Eric Schmidt, the former chairman of Alphabet, has predicted China will be the leading country in AI by 2025.[9]
AAAI presenters:[8]Countryin 2012in 2017US41%34%China10%23%UK5%5%
Global catastrophic riskEdit
Main article: Global catastrophic risk
Further information: World Scientists' Warning to Humanity
A global catastrophic risk is a hypothetical future event which could damage human well-being on a global scale,[10] even crippling or destroying modern civilization.[11] An event that could cause human extinction or permanently and drastically curtail humanity's potential is known as an existential risk.[12]
Potential global catastrophic risks include anthropogenic risks, caused by humans (technology, governance, climate change), and natural or external risks.[11] Examples of technology risks are hostile artificial intelligence and destructive biotechnology ornanotechnology. Insufficient or malign global governance creates risks in the social and political domain, such as a global war, including nuclear holocaust, bioterrorismusing genetically modified organisms,cyberterrorism destroying critical infrastructure like the electrical grid; or the failure to manage a natural pandemic. Problems and risks in the domain of earth system governance include global warming,environmental degradation, includingextinction of species, famine as a result ofnon-equitable resource distribution, human overpopulation, crop failures and non-sustainable agriculture. Examples of non-anthropogenic risks are an asteroid impact event, a supervolcanic eruption, a lethal gamma-ray burst, a geomagnetic stormdestroying electronic equipment, natural long-term climate change, hostile extraterrestrial life, or the predictable Sun transforming into ared giant star engulfing the Earth.
Need of disarmamentEdit
Main article: Disarmament
Disarmament is the act of reducing, limiting, or abolishing weapons. Disarmament generally refers to a country's military or specific type of weaponry. Disarmament is often taken to mean total elimination ofweapons of mass destruction, such asnuclear arms. General and Complete Disarmament was defined by the United Nations General Assembly as the elimination of all WMD, coupled with the “balanced reduction of armed forces and conventional armaments, based on the principle of undiminished security of the parties with a view to promoting or enhancing stability at a lower military level, taking into account the need of all States to protect their security.”[13]
Global warmingEdit
Main article: Global warming
Global warming is a long-term rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system, an aspect of climate change shown by temperature measurements and by multiple effects of the warming.
Solutions to global issues generally require cooperation among nations.[1]
In their book Global Issues,[2] Hite and Seitz emphasize that global issues are qualitatively different from international affairs and that the former arise from growing internationalinterdependencies which makes the issues themselves interdependent.[3] It is speculated that our global interconnectedness, instead of (only) making us more resilient, makes us more vulnerable to global catastrophe.[4]
Global issuesEdit
Further information: List of global issues
Presented below are issues relevant to the whole world today.
Artificial intelligence arms raceEdit
An [[]] is a competition between two or more states to have its military forces equipped with the best "artificial intelligence" (AI). Since the mid-2010s, many analysts have argued that such a global arms race for better artificial intelligence has already begun.
According to Siemens, worldwide military spending on robotics was 5.1 billion USD in 2010 and 7.5 billion USD in 2015.[5][6]
China became a top player in artificial intelligence research in the 2010s. According to the Financial Times, in 2016, for the first time, China published more AI papers than the entire European Union. When restricted to number of AI papers in the top 5% of cited papers, China overtook the United States in 2016 but lagged behind the European Union.[7]23% of the researchers presenting at the 2017American Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AAAI) conference were Chinese.[8] Eric Schmidt, the former chairman of Alphabet, has predicted China will be the leading country in AI by 2025.[9]
AAAI presenters:[8]Countryin 2012in 2017US41%34%China10%23%UK5%5%
Global catastrophic riskEdit
Main article: Global catastrophic risk
Further information: World Scientists' Warning to Humanity
A global catastrophic risk is a hypothetical future event which could damage human well-being on a global scale,[10] even crippling or destroying modern civilization.[11] An event that could cause human extinction or permanently and drastically curtail humanity's potential is known as an existential risk.[12]
Potential global catastrophic risks include anthropogenic risks, caused by humans (technology, governance, climate change), and natural or external risks.[11] Examples of technology risks are hostile artificial intelligence and destructive biotechnology ornanotechnology. Insufficient or malign global governance creates risks in the social and political domain, such as a global war, including nuclear holocaust, bioterrorismusing genetically modified organisms,cyberterrorism destroying critical infrastructure like the electrical grid; or the failure to manage a natural pandemic. Problems and risks in the domain of earth system governance include global warming,environmental degradation, includingextinction of species, famine as a result ofnon-equitable resource distribution, human overpopulation, crop failures and non-sustainable agriculture. Examples of non-anthropogenic risks are an asteroid impact event, a supervolcanic eruption, a lethal gamma-ray burst, a geomagnetic stormdestroying electronic equipment, natural long-term climate change, hostile extraterrestrial life, or the predictable Sun transforming into ared giant star engulfing the Earth.
Need of disarmamentEdit
Main article: Disarmament
Disarmament is the act of reducing, limiting, or abolishing weapons. Disarmament generally refers to a country's military or specific type of weaponry. Disarmament is often taken to mean total elimination ofweapons of mass destruction, such asnuclear arms. General and Complete Disarmament was defined by the United Nations General Assembly as the elimination of all WMD, coupled with the “balanced reduction of armed forces and conventional armaments, based on the principle of undiminished security of the parties with a view to promoting or enhancing stability at a lower military level, taking into account the need of all States to protect their security.”[13]
Global warmingEdit
Main article: Global warming
Global warming is a long-term rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system, an aspect of climate change shown by temperature measurements and by multiple effects of the warming.
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