Question

What are the major product of petroleum redining? Give one use of each petroleum product

Answer 1

GasesGaseous refinery products include hydrogen, fuel gas, ethane, propane, and butane. Most of the hydrogen is consumed in refinery desulfurization facilities, which remove hydrogen sulfide from the gas stream and then separate that compound into elemental hydrogen and sulfur; small quantities of the hydrogen may be delivered to the refinery fuel system. Refinery fuel gas varies in composition but usually contains a significant amount of methane; it has a heating value similar to natural gas and is consumed in plant operations. Periodic variability in heating value makes it unsuitable for delivery to consumer gas systems. Ethane may be recovered from the refinery fuel system for use as a petrochemical feedstock. Propane and butane are sold as liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), which is a convenient portable fuel for domestic heating and cooking or for light industrial use.GasolineMotor gasoline, or petrol, must meet three primary requirements. It must provide an even combustion pattern, start easily in cold weather, and meet prevailing environmental requirements.Octane ratingIn order to meet the first requirement, gasoline must burn smoothly in the engine without premature detonation, or knocking. Severe knocking can dissipate power output and even cause damage to the engine. When gasoline engines became more powerful in the 1920s, it was discovered that some fuels knocked more readily than others. Experimental studies led to the determination that, of the standard fuels available at the time, the most extreme knock was produced by a fuel composed of pure normal heptane, while the least knock was produced by pure isooctane. This discovery led to the development of the octane scale for defining gasoline quality. Thus, when a motor gasoline gives the same performance in a standard knock engine as a mixture of 90 percent isooctane and 10 percent normal heptane, it is given an octane rating of 90.BRITANNICA STORIESDEMYSTIFIED / HEALTH & MEDICINEWhat’s the Difference Between Veins and Arteries?SPOTLIGHT / SCIENCESpotting a Supercontinent: How Pangea Was DiscoveredSPOTLIGHT / HISTORYPirate WeekDEMYSTIFIED / HISTORYWhat Does the Rosetta Stone Say?There are two methods for carrying out the knock engine test. Research octane is measured under mild conditions of temperature and engine speed (49 °C [120 °F] and 600 revolutions per minute, or RPM), whilemotor octane is measured under more severe conditions (149 °C [300 °F] and 900 RPM). For many years the research octane number was found to be the more accurate measure of engine performance and was usually quoted alone. Since the advent of unleaded fuels in the mid-1970s, however, motor octane measurements have frequently been found to limit actual engine performance. As a result a new measurement, road octane number, which is a simple average of the research and motor values, is most frequently used to define fuel quality for the consumer. Automotive gasolines generally range from research octane number 87 to 100, while gasoline for piston-engine aircraft ranges from research octane number 115 to 130.