what are the negative effects of the industrial revolution?
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Answer:
Although there are several positives to the Industrial Revolution there were also many negative elements, including: poor working conditions, poor living conditions, low wages, child labor, and pollution.
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Answer:
The Industrial Revolution is one of the most significant events in human history and had a profound effect on many nations throughout the world. While the Industrial Revolution first began in Britain in the 18th century, and took place throughout the centuries that followed, its impacts can still be seen in our lives today. As an event, the Industrial Revolution had both positive and negative impacts for society.Although there are several positives to the Industrial Revolution there were also many negative elements, including: poor working conditions, poor living conditions, low wages, child labor, and pollution. One of the primary causes of the Industrial Revolution was the emergence of laissez-faire capitalism as an economic system. Laissez-faire capitalism is a highly individualistic ideology in which the government plays as little a role as possible in the economic decisions of a country. Historians often refer to the ideology of the Industrial Revolution as classical liberalism since it included the principles of laissez-faire capitalism while also still allowing basic individual rights. This political and economic climate created a situation in which wealthy factory and mine owners were able to exploit working-class people. As a result, this led to horrible working conditions for the people of the Industrial Revolution. For example, child labor was a common feature of the Industrial Revolution with children as young as four working in dirty and dangerous conditions without protection from the government.
A newspaper cutting,
Princes and merchants: European city growth before the industrial revolution
J Bradford De Long, Andrei Shleifer
The Journal of Law and Economics 36 (2), 671-702, 1993
ONE of the oldest themes in economics is the incompatibility of despotism and development. Economies in which security of property is lacking-because of either the possibility of arrest, ruin, or execution at the command of the ruling prince or the possibility of ruinous taxationshould experience relative stagnation. By contrast, economies in which property is secure-either because of strong constitutional restrictions on the prince or because the ruling elite is made up of merchants rather than princes-should prosper and grow. Adam Smith argued that in all countries where there is tolerable security [of property], every man of common understanding will endeavor to employ whatever [capital] stock he can command.... A man must be perfectly crazy who, where there is tolerable security [of property], does not employ all the [capital] stock which he com-mands.... In those unfortunate countries... where men are continually afraid of the violence of their superiors, they frequently bury and conceal a great part of their [capital] stock... in case of their being threatened with any of those disasters to which they consider themselves as at all times exposed. This is said to be a common practice in Turkey, in Indostan, and, I believe, in most other governments of Asia. It seems to have been a common practice among our [feudal] ancestors.'
The rise of Europe: Atlantic trade, institutional change, and economic growth
Daron Acemoglu, Simon Johnson, James Robinson
American economic review 95 (3), 546-579, 2005
The rise of Western Europe after 1500 is due largely to growth in countries with access to the Atlantic Ocean and with substantial trade with the New World, Africa, and Asia via the Atlantic. This trade and the associated colonialism affected Europe not only directly, but also indirectly by inducing institutional change. Where “initial” political institutions (those established before 1500) placed significant checks on the monarchy, the growth of Atlantic trade strengthened merchant groups by constraining the power of the monarchy, and helped merchants obtain changes in institutions to protect property rights. These changes were central to subsequent economic growth.
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