What are the nucleophilic substitution reactions? Explain the order of reactivity of alkyl halides for nucleophilic substitution
Answers
Answer:
A neucleophile is a particle in seach of a positive charge.
When such particles attack an electron defiencent site in a molecule and get attached to it is called neucleophilic substituion reaction.
For the order you need to know that the more branches the carbo cation has the more hinderance the neucleophile will face the less reactive it will be towards that alkyl.
Therefore the order will be:
Primary alkyl > secondary alkyl > tertiary alkyl
For an alkyl halide the better the leaving group the halide forms the easier it will be fore another neucleophile to attack it.
Therefore order becomes,
R-I > R-Br > R-Cl > R-F.
The reason why I forms the best leaving group in halide is because of it's large size and same charge as other reducing the charge density and hence attraction to other molecules.
Step-by-step explanation:
The alkyl halides are very reactive due to highly polarized CX bonds with a large difference in electronegativities of carbon and halogen atoms. As per the leaving ability, the order is I>Br>Cl>F.