Question

What are the operation of lathe machine?

Answer 1

A lathe is a machine that rotates the piece on the axis in order to perform various operations like cutting, facing, knurling, deformation and more.Working Principle: The lathe is a machine tool which holds the workpiece between two rigid and strong supports called centers or in a chuck or face plate which revolves. The cutting tool is rigidly held and supported in a tool post which is fed against the revolving work Operations, which can be performed in a lathe either by holding the workpiece between centers or by a chuck are:

Straight turning.

Shoulder turning.

Taper turning.

Chamfering.

Eccentric turning.

Thread cutting.

Facing.

Forming.

Answer 2

A lathe machine is a mechanical device in which the workpiece is rotated against a suitable cutting tool for producing cylindrical forms in the metal, wood or any other machinable material.



Figure 1: Lathe machine

Various types of lathe machine tools:

Copy Lathe

Automatic Lathe

Turret lathe machine

Engine lathe

Bench lathe

Chucking lathe

Speed lathe

Automatic screw machine or a bar machine

Numerically controlled lathe

Lathe Machine parts:



Figure 2: Lathe machine parts labeled

Different parts of Lathe:

Headstock: Headstock supports the central spindle in the bearings and aligns it correctly. It also houses necessary transmission mechanism for different speeds. It supports the main spindle in the bearings and aligns it properly. It has a mechanism for getting different speeds. Accessories mounted to headstock spindle are 3/4 jaw chuck, lathe center, and lathe dog, collect chuck, face plate, and magnetic chuck.

Split nut: When closed around the lead screw, the carriage is driven along by direct drive without using a clutch.

Carriage: Carriage moves on the outer ways. Used for mounting and moving most of the cutting tools.

Compound rest: Mounted to the cross slide, it pivots around the tool post.

Tailstock: Fits on the inner ways of the bed and can slide towards any position the headstock to fit the length of the workpiece. An optional taper turning attachment would be mounted to it.

Apron

Main Spindle

Tool post

Cross slide

Dead center

Hand wheel

Bed

Led screw

Feed rod

Clutch

Longitudinal & transverse feed control

Chip pan

Clutch

Feed selector

Machining operations that can be performed on a lathe:

machines are highly versatile and capable of some machining processes that produce a wide variety of shapes as the following list indicates:



Figure 3: Various machining operations that can be performed on a lathe

Turning: [Fig. 3. (a-d)] to produce straight, conical, curved, or grooved workpieces, such as shafts, spindles, and pins.

Facing: [Fig. 3 (f)] to produce a flat surface at the end of the part and perpendicular to its axis [Fig. 3 (e)], useful for parts that are assembled with other components. Face grooving produces grooves for applications such as O-ring seats.

Cutting with form tools: [Fig. 3 (g)] to produce various axisymmetric shapes for functional or aesthetic purposes.

Boring: [Fig. 3 (h)] to enlarge a hole or cylindrical cavity made by a previous process or to produce circular internal grooves.

Drilling: [Fig. 3 (i)] to produce a hole, which may be followed by boring to improve its dimensional accuracy and surface finish.

Parting: [Fig. 3 (j)] also called cutting off, to cut a piece from the end of a part, as is done in the production of slugs or blanks for additional processing into discrete products.

Threading: [Fig. 3 (k)] to produce external or internal threads.

Knurling: [Fig. 3 (l)] to provide a regularly shaped roughness on cylindrical surfaces, as in making knobs and handles.

Tags: Machine

Vinodh Reddy Chennu :Vinodh Reddy is an Editor-in-chief of ME Mechanical. He holds Bachelor of Engineering (Honours) degree in Mechanical Engineering from BITS-Pilani. He also writes for vrcworks.net and EduGeneral.

     



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