What are the problems faced by plantation workers?
Answers
Answer:
The plantation sector, one of the largest sources for rural jobs, is facing the heat of demonetisation because it is not able to pay workers. Tea gardens have survived the cash crunch because tea auctions switched to the electronic platform months before demonetisation was announced.
The government's recent decision to allow district collectors to withdraw cash from planters’ accounts and disburse plantation workers’ wages is stuck over practical difficulties like lack of enough cash with banks.
D Vinod Sivappa, president of the United Planters’ Association of Southern India (UPASI), said the cash crunch coincided with the harvesting season for all major crops. Coffee, arecanut and pepper are harvested between now and February.
The plantation industry employs 1.3-1.4 million people and they receive wages in cash every week. Despite having bank accounts, workers prefer cash since because access to banks and ATMs is difficult in hill areas. Planters are worried about the turnout of workers at this crucial time.
The Karnataka government has started implementing a system where district collectors take cheques from planters and cash them for workers. An official from the Idukki district (Kerala) collectorate said the details of workers were being collected and procedures to open a special account were on. The wages were expected to be disbursed in three days, he added.
Answer:
(hope my answer is not too long for you...but if it if long then my sincere apologies :D)
Explanation:
The major problems or difficulties are as follows:
(i) Climatic hazards:
The climatic requirements of crops like rubber, cocoa and oil palm, which need constantly high temperatures, high relative humidity and very heavy rainfall, are unfortunately, those least suited to human activities.
The heat and high humidity sap human energy and reduce the amount of work people can do. Local winds like the harmattan, hurricanes and typhoons can cause great damage to plantation crops, and in sub-tropical areas excessive rainfall or an extended drought can also reduce output or damage trees. In marginal sub-tropical areas frost is a major hazard. Coffee production in Brazil has frequently suffered from the effects of unexpected frosts.
(ii) Prevalence of diseases and insect pests:
The tropics with their hot, humid conditions encourage the growth of insects and bacteria and also the spread of diseases.
Consequently plantations may suffer from uncontrollable outbreaks of plant diseases, e.g., coffee blights, or the depredations by insect pests such as the boll-weevil of the cotton plantations. At the same time the labour force is also prone to virus diseases such as fevers which reduce productivity. In some areas malaria has not yet been completely eradicated.
(iii) Difficulties of clearing and maintenance:
The hot, wet, tropical climates encourage the growth of a wide variety of vegetation. In rain forests, for instance, there is a multiplicity of species; tall trees, palms, undergrowth ferns and various kinds of herbaceous, epiphytic and parasitic plants.
A dense vegetative cover is difficult to clear to make way for plantations and a sound communication network. It is even more expensive to prevent forest shrubs and trees encroaching on such clearings. Large sums of money are needed annually for the repair of estate roads and railways.
(iv) Rapid deterioration of tropical soil:
Under tropical conditions of heavy rainfall, mineral nutrients in the soil are carried downwards with the rain water as it sinks into the ground. This leaching process proceeds very rapidly and magnesium, potassium and calcium are removed.
The red lateritic soils that are so familiar in tropical lands are thus, rather infertile. Overexploitation and absence of crop rotation depletes soil fertility and increases soil erosion.
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