Question

What are the problems faced by the Indian farmers and how to solve it.

Answer 1

Problem faced by Indian farmers are lack of modern technology in farming and they grow crops in only a small patch of land giving low productivity to them.

Answer 2

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Problems of Indian agriculture:

1. Agriculture is unorganized activity today

Indian agriculture is largely an unorganized sector. No systematic institutional and organizational planning is involved in cultivation, irrigation, harvesting etc.

Institutional finances are not adequately available and minimum purchase price fixed by the government do not reach the poorest farmer.

2. Most farms are small and economically unfeasible

The ground reality is that majority of the farmers in India own as little as two acres of land.  Cultivation on such small area is not economically feasible. Such small farmers have become vulnerable in Indian agriculture.

In many cases, the farmers are not even the owners of the land, which makes profitable cultivation impossible because a significant portion of the earnings goes towards the payment of lease for the land.

3. Middlemen and economic exploitation of farmers

Exploitation by the middlemen is the reason put forth for not getting the best price for the produce of the agriculturists.

The government should promote the plan called “ulavar santhai” (Farmers Market), where the farmers can directly sell their products at reasonable price to the consumers.

4. Government programs do not reach small farmers

The government has implemented agricultural debt. waiver and debt. relief scheme in 2008 to benefit over 36 million farmers. Direct agricultural loan to stressed farmers under so called Kisan credit Card were also covered under this scheme.

However, most of the subsidies and welfare schemes announced by the Central and State governments do not reach the poor farmers in Indian agriculture. On the contrary, only big landlords are benefited by those schemes.

5. High indebtedness and exorbitant interest rates

The root cause of farmers taking their lives is the increase in their indebtedness and debt burden.

Exorbitant interest rates have to be declared illegal and the government has to take strict measures against greedy money lenders.

Easy access to institutional credits have to reach the small and marginal farmers, without cumbersome procedures.

6. Real estate mafia

We can see even fertile land best suited for agricultural purpose being sold to real estate people, who prepare plots and give attractive advertisements to sell at exorbitant price. There is need to implement strict measures to prevent land grabbing.

Solutions to the problem:

1. Multiple crops

Cultivation of multi crops such as coconut, turmeric, pineapple, banana, apple, papaya, ginger will yield profitable results to the farmers.

2. Special agricultural zone

Just like industrial zone, there is an urgent need to establish special agricultural zones, where only farming and agriculture related activity should be allowed.

3. Need to modernize agriculture

By introducing farm techniques which guarantee a definite success, an increase in youth participation on agricultural fields is economically possible.  This can be attained only by implementing new technologies. Research efforts should continue for the production of crops with higher yield potential and better resistance to pests in Indian agriculture.

Technological advancement in agriculture should be passed down to the small farmers.

Where the existing crops would not do well under drought and weather conditions, the farmers should be helped to shift to cultivating crops that would be easy and economical to cultivate.


4. Educate the farmers

Many farmers in India are not aware of crop rotation. Though education in urban areas has improved a lot, the government has ignored the same in rural areas in general and in agriculture sector  in particular.  This is the reason why farmers are not  adequately aware of the various schemes provided by the government.

5. Clubbing of small fields may help

Several farmers who own small piece of land can join together and combine all small fields into one large chunk.  This may help in variety of ways.


6. Need for meaningful crop insurance policies

Crop insurance is must and the claim should be settled easily under the supervision of the district collectors.

Traditional crop insurance depends on the direct measurement of the damage suffered by a farmer to determine his/her payout.  However, field loss assessment is often not feasible or expensive, since most of our farmers are small holders.

Index based insurance, on the other hand, responds to defined parameter.

Index based insurance has the advantages that it is transparent and all the insurers within the defined geographical area are treated equally.  It has low operational and transnational costs, while also ensuring quick payouts.





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