what are the required reforming measures for the sectors of Indian economy?
Answers
Answer:
Economic Reforms refer to the fundamental changes that were launched in 1991 with the plan of liberalising the economy and to quicken its rate of economic growth. The Narasimha Rao Government, in 1991, started the economic reforms in order to rebuild internal and external faith in the Indian economy.
The reforms intended at bringing in larger cooperation of the private sector in the growth method of the Indian economy. Policy changes were proposed with regard to technology up gradation, industrial licensing, removal of restrictions on the private sector, foreign investments and foreign trade. The essential features of the economic reforms are – Liberalisation, Privatisation and Globalisation, commonly known as LPG.
Need for Economic Reforms
Poor Performance of the Industrial Sector
Adverse Balance of Payments
Rise in Fiscal Deficit
Inflation
The Gulf War
Examples of Economic Reforms
Liberalisation
Privatisation
Globalisation
Why were Economic reforms introduced in India?
Economic reforms were introduced in India because of the following reasons:
Poor performance of the public sector
Public sector was given a role important in development policies during 1951-1990.
However the performance of the majority of public enterprises was disappointing.
They were incurring huge losses because of inefficient management.
Adverse bop Or Imports exceeded exports
Imports grew at a very high rate without matching the growth of exports.
Government could not restrict imports even after imposing heavy tariffs and fixing quotas.
On the other hand, Exports was very less due to the low quality and high prices of our goods as compared to foreign goods.
Fall in foreign exchange reserves
Foreign exchange (foreign currencies) reserves, which government generally maintains to import petrol and other important items, dropped to levels that were not sufficient for even a fortnight.
The government was not able to repay its borrowings from abroad.
Huge debts on government
Government expenditure on various developmental works was more than its revenue from taxation etc.
As a result, the government borrowed money from banks, public and international financial institutions like IMF etc.
Inflationary pressure
There was a consistent rise in the general price level of essential goods in the economy.
To control inflation, a new set of policies were required.
Terms and conditions of world bank and IMF
India received financial help of $7 billion from the World Bank and IMF on an agreement to announce its New Economic Policy.