what are the similarities between the surface of the earth and bottom of the sea
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Both of them are formed of tectonic plates and features like ravines / valleys / hillocks / mountains and so on. Surface of the earth is just the elevated part of a tectonic plate that is higher than the sea level. The troughs hold salty water and we refer to them as sea / oceans / bay / Creek / straits as per the concentration s defined by us. Many rivers empty / end / merge into the sea. The river water contains salts in dissolved form which they gather from the soil and rocks during their journey. These salts have accumulated in the sea and so they have become salty.
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the bottom of the sea was, in fact, the surface of the earth. Down there, under the water, is what we call “crust.” Up here, on dry land, is also called “crust.” Two crusts: oceanic crust and continental crust.
Now, as it happens, the oceanic crust differs from continental crust in a couple of important ways. Oceanic crust is composed primarily of mafic rock, like basalts and gabbro, and is more dense than continental crust. It is also thinner than continental crust (5km to 10 km in thickness).
Continental crust is typically less dense than oceanic crust because it is composed of felsic rocks like granite; less dense than the basaltic oceanic crust. It's also thicker, from 30km to 50 km in thickness.
Oceanic crust is, for the most part, much younger than continental crust. Some continental crust has been dated back to the formation of the planet, ~4 billion years ago. Oceanic crust, on the other hand, is very young, some 180 to 200 million years at the most.
Oceanic crust is constantly being recycled, produced at zones of ocean spreading and consumed at subduction zones.
Those are the differences. In the mind of most geologists and oceanographers and marine biologists, those differences are much more important than the few similarities between the two crusts.
Now, as it happens, the oceanic crust differs from continental crust in a couple of important ways. Oceanic crust is composed primarily of mafic rock, like basalts and gabbro, and is more dense than continental crust. It is also thinner than continental crust (5km to 10 km in thickness).
Continental crust is typically less dense than oceanic crust because it is composed of felsic rocks like granite; less dense than the basaltic oceanic crust. It's also thicker, from 30km to 50 km in thickness.
Oceanic crust is, for the most part, much younger than continental crust. Some continental crust has been dated back to the formation of the planet, ~4 billion years ago. Oceanic crust, on the other hand, is very young, some 180 to 200 million years at the most.
Oceanic crust is constantly being recycled, produced at zones of ocean spreading and consumed at subduction zones.
Those are the differences. In the mind of most geologists and oceanographers and marine biologists, those differences are much more important than the few similarities between the two crusts.
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