Question

what are the some of the issues that voters can protest against?​

Answer 1

Answer:

A protest vote is a vote cast in an election to demonstrate dissatisfaction with the choice of candidates or the current political system. Protest voting takes a variety ...

Explanation:

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Answer 2

Explanation:

Protest voting in plurality elections: a theory of voter

signaling

Daniel Kselman · Emerson Niou

Received: 5 February 2009 / Accepted: 11 May 2010

© Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2010

Abstract This paper develops a model of protest voting in which unsatisfied voters may

abandon their most-preferred candidate even though he or she has a good chance of win-

ning, in the hope that this signal of disaffection will lead to downstream improvements in

that candidate’s performance. We use a spatial model to identify voters whose ideological

profile makes protest voting an option, and an expected utility model to identify the condi-

tions under which potential protest voters will in fact use their vote as a signaling device.

Aggregate-level data provide suggestive evidence in the argument’s favor.

Keywords Strategic voting · Protest voting · Electoral signaling · Spatial theory · Calculus

of voting

1 Introduction

One of the most prominent empirical literatures in the study of voter behavior analyzes

strategic voting. This work finds theoretical inspiration in Duverger’s famous argument that

voters in single-member district systems will avoid wasting their vote on candidates with

little chance of being elected. Beginning with research by Black (1978) and Cain (1978), a

series of papers derive formal theoretic statements of the conditions under which abandoning

one’s most-preferred party for a more viable party is optimal (Gutowski and Georges 1993;

Kselman and Niou 2010).1 Such studies focus on the short-term instrumental logic behind