What are the theories of biological classification?
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Types of Biological Classification
The artificial system of classification
Use of 1 or more morphological character for grouping organisms.
Aristotle first divided the animals into two categories; on the basis of red blood cells (RBCs). The animals were divided into enaima (having RBCs) and anaima (lacking RBCs).
Aristotle secondly classified animals based on their habitat; aquatic, terrestrial and aerial.
Pliny the Elder was a Roman naturalist who used this system of classification for both plants and animals, dividing them into land, water, and air.
This scientist also differentiated animals based on flight and non-flight ones.
The natural system of classification
Use of a number of characteristics of the organisms to differentiate between their similarities and differences.
Characters used for classification include anatomical, morphological, cytological, physiological, reproduction, cytochemistry, and biochemistry, just to name a few.
The above characters used to bring out the similarities of a group and comparing one set of organisms with another.
For example, birds are characterized by the presence of wings and feathers while mammals are characterized by the presence of mammae.
Phylogenetic system of classification
This classification is based on the evolutionary relationship among organisms.
The evolutionary relationship is based on Charles Darwin’s theory of natural selection.
This type of classification was first proposed by scientists Adolf Engler and Karl Prantl.
The artificial system of classification
Use of 1 or more morphological character for grouping organisms.
Aristotle first divided the animals into two categories; on the basis of red blood cells (RBCs). The animals were divided into enaima (having RBCs) and anaima (lacking RBCs).
Aristotle secondly classified animals based on their habitat; aquatic, terrestrial and aerial.
Pliny the Elder was a Roman naturalist who used this system of classification for both plants and animals, dividing them into land, water, and air.
This scientist also differentiated animals based on flight and non-flight ones.
The natural system of classification
Use of a number of characteristics of the organisms to differentiate between their similarities and differences.
Characters used for classification include anatomical, morphological, cytological, physiological, reproduction, cytochemistry, and biochemistry, just to name a few.
The above characters used to bring out the similarities of a group and comparing one set of organisms with another.
For example, birds are characterized by the presence of wings and feathers while mammals are characterized by the presence of mammae.
Phylogenetic system of classification
This classification is based on the evolutionary relationship among organisms.
The evolutionary relationship is based on Charles Darwin’s theory of natural selection.
This type of classification was first proposed by scientists Adolf Engler and Karl Prantl.
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