Question

What are the two basic functions used in encryption algorithms?

Answer 1

The two basic functions used in encryption algorithms are:

• Substitution:  The letters of plaintext are replaced by other letters or symbols or by numbers. It involves substituiting plaintext bit patterns with cipher text bit patterns.

       There are many types of substitution techniques:

                  1.Caser cipher

                  2.Monoalphabetic cipher

                  3.Polyalphabetic cipher

                  4.Playfair cipher.

• Transposition: Here positions of plaintext bits are shifted accordingly, constitutes a permutation of plaintext.

        Techinques in transposition are:

                  1.Rail-fence

                  2.columnar transposition

                  3.verman cipher.

Answer 2

Substitution and transposition are the two basic functions used in encryption algorithms.

Explanation:

• The encryption algorithms are totally based on two generic principles namely substitution and transposition.  

• Substitution: In this function, each and every element in the plain text (letter, bit, group of letters or bits) mapped into different element.  

• Transposition: Here, the elements in the plain text got rearranged.  

• The primary requirement is that, here none of the information should get lost. Mostly these systems are said to be product systems with multiple stages of substitution and transposition.

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