What are the two steps involved in respiration
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Though this can be easily googled or easily looked up in a textbook, I’ll answer it anyway. Cellular respiration happens in both animal and plant cells, but photosynthesis happens only in plant cells.Therefore, the process of cellular respiration in both types of cells is virtually the same.
The first step of cellular respiration happens with what’s called Glycolysis. This is where a glucose molecule is broken down through various steps to a molecule called pyruvate. And because glucose is a 6 Carbon sugar and pyruvate is a 3 Carbon sugar, for every 1 glucose used, 2 pyruvates are produces.
Another note, this process produces a net gain of 2 ATP molecules
The next step of cellular respiration is the Link Reaction. This is how the pyruvate molecules enter into the mitochondria from the cytoplasm. Here, the pyruvate molecule is oxidized by the molecule NADP into NADPH+ and a CO2 molecule is lost from Pyruvate (at the expense of an ATP molecule). Next, coenzyme A binds to pyruvate effectively causing the formation of what’s known as Acetyl Coenzyme A.
The next step of the reaction is called The Krebs Cycle. This is where the molecule produced in step 2 is used to produce energy for the cell to use. The acetyl coenzyme A binds with a molecule known as OAA (Oxalic Acetic Acid) and produces a 6 carbon compound known as Citrate, or citric acid. From thence, the citric acid is oxidized and phosphorylated, eventually producing another OAA molecule, completing the cycle.
The final step of cellular respiration happens in the Electron Transport Chain. The NADPH and FADPH2 molecules produced from the Krebs Cycle and Link Reaction come to the inner membrane of the mitochondria and release their electrons from Hydrogen atoms onto various cytochromes (and the H+ ions pass through the membrane creating a concentration gradient in the inter-membrane space) which pass the energy from the electron down to following cytochromes and cytochrome complexes. This process accumulates energy enough to re-phosphoylate an ADP molecule into ATP through the use of the ATP synthase enzyme (ATPase pump)
This is how I learned the process of cellular respiration, if you are interested in learning about the exact amount of energy produced or how many NADPH or FADPH2 produced, then I suggest doing a simple google search on the topic, or looking in a biology textbook
The first step of cellular respiration happens with what’s called Glycolysis. This is where a glucose molecule is broken down through various steps to a molecule called pyruvate. And because glucose is a 6 Carbon sugar and pyruvate is a 3 Carbon sugar, for every 1 glucose used, 2 pyruvates are produces.
Another note, this process produces a net gain of 2 ATP molecules
The next step of cellular respiration is the Link Reaction. This is how the pyruvate molecules enter into the mitochondria from the cytoplasm. Here, the pyruvate molecule is oxidized by the molecule NADP into NADPH+ and a CO2 molecule is lost from Pyruvate (at the expense of an ATP molecule). Next, coenzyme A binds to pyruvate effectively causing the formation of what’s known as Acetyl Coenzyme A.
The next step of the reaction is called The Krebs Cycle. This is where the molecule produced in step 2 is used to produce energy for the cell to use. The acetyl coenzyme A binds with a molecule known as OAA (Oxalic Acetic Acid) and produces a 6 carbon compound known as Citrate, or citric acid. From thence, the citric acid is oxidized and phosphorylated, eventually producing another OAA molecule, completing the cycle.
The final step of cellular respiration happens in the Electron Transport Chain. The NADPH and FADPH2 molecules produced from the Krebs Cycle and Link Reaction come to the inner membrane of the mitochondria and release their electrons from Hydrogen atoms onto various cytochromes (and the H+ ions pass through the membrane creating a concentration gradient in the inter-membrane space) which pass the energy from the electron down to following cytochromes and cytochrome complexes. This process accumulates energy enough to re-phosphoylate an ADP molecule into ATP through the use of the ATP synthase enzyme (ATPase pump)
This is how I learned the process of cellular respiration, if you are interested in learning about the exact amount of energy produced or how many NADPH or FADPH2 produced, then I suggest doing a simple google search on the topic, or looking in a biology textbook
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r 1. Explain the phases involved in Respiration.
Cellular respiration uses energy in glucose to make ATP. Aerobic (“oxygen-using”) respiration occurs in three stages: glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and electron transport. In glycolysis, glucose is split into two molecules of pyruvate.
Explanation:
Cellular respiration uses energy in glucose to make ATP. Aerobic (“oxygen-using”) respiration occurs in three stages: glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and electron transport. In glycolysis, glucose is split into two molecules of pyruvate. This results in a net gain of two ATP molecules.
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