What are the various forms of power sharing? Explain in detail.
Answers
Various forms of Power Sharing are:
Different Organs of government: It is also Known as Horizontal distribution of Power. The power is shared between three organs of government.
Example: In India, Power is shared between Legislative, Executive and Judiciary.
Different levels of government: This is also known as Vertical distribution of Power A general government for the entire country and a government at provincial or regional level.
Example: In India, The Union Government, the state government and the Municipality and Panchayati.
Different Social Groups: Power is shared among different Social Groups such as Linguistic Groups.
Example: Community government in Belgium.
Different Political Parties: Power is shared among different Political Parties, Pressure Groups that represent different ideologies.
Example: UPA and NDA government formed of various political parties.
Power Sharing in organs of Government :
The powers in India are shared into three different organs namely Legislature, Executive and Judiciary. Each organ has its own portfolio to perform. These organs make the government to function effectively and efficiently.
The functions of each organ are :
Legislature : This organ makes the laws for the people. Representatives elected by the people come under this organ.
Executive : This organ executes the laws. In some countries the legislature and executive are same. Ex : India.
Judiciary : This organ jurisdicage the laws and protects the laws. Courts come under this organ.
The sharing of powers is also called as Theory of Separation of Powers. This was profounded by French Philosopher Montesquieu in his book "Spirit of laws". He separated each organ as checks and balances. He also said that one organ checks other two organs.
But this theory is exactly followed in presidential governments like USA where the three organs are separate. Each organ acts as the watchdog to the other organs. Many critics criticized this theory as this deadlocks the administration.
power Sharing in levels of government :
There are two types of levels of government namely Unitary and Federal governments. In Unitary the whole powers are vested with centre. But in Federal governments the powers are divided among the central and state governments. Example for the federal government is USA as it follows absolute federalism. India follows Quasi federalism as India follows three tiers of government.
Power Sharing among different social groups :
The power is shared among different social, religious groups. These religious institutions or groups. During the times of need these groups present their problems infront of the legislature to frame the laws like RSS which is demanding to construct Ram Mandir in Ayodhya.
Power sharing among the parties :
The most of the power is vested with political parties which is ruling the country. The ruling party has the major power than the opposition party. The actions of government are influenced through the power of political parties.