what are the various types of relevant variables? how can they be controlled?
Answers
Answer:
Types of Variables
Now, let's talk about those three types of variables used in scientific experiments. The first variable type is called the independent variable. This variable is the one that is manipulated or changed by the scientist. The second type of variable is the one that is observed or measured in the experiment, and it is known as the dependent variable. You can remember this because the observation or measure of the dependent variable will change as the independent variable is altered.
Let's use an example that may assist you to understand these two types of variables. You have a plastic container with water inside. You place the container in a metal box and raise the temperature. Here, the temperature is the independent variable, so when you're adjusting the temperature, you're changing the independent variable. The water is the dependent variable. If there is a cause and effect relationship between water and temperature, then the water will change with the temperature change. And, of course, we know that the water will change from liquid into gas or steam with rising temperatures in the box.
But what about that third type of variable used in scientific experiments? It is the control variable, also known as the constant variable. As the name suggests, it is the variable that the scientist wants to remain the same. Often, there is more than one control or constant variable in a scientific experiment. The scientist will want to observe these control variables as much as the dependent variable. But why is this important? The reason is that if the control variables aren't held constant, the scientist will not know if the independent variable caused the change in the dependent variable or if the change was due to the control variable.
In our example above, what would be the control variable? The answer is air pressure. The same conditions must exist if we are to be able to predict the change in the water at a certain temperature. At high-level atmospheres, water boils or turns to steam at a lower temperature level than at normal air conditions.
Examples of Controlled Variables
Temperature is a common type of controlled variable. If a temperature is held constant during an experiment, it is controlled.
Other examples of controlled variables could be an amount of light, using the same type of glassware, constant humidity, or duration of an experiment.
Importance of Controlled Variables
Although control variables may not be measured (though they are often recorded), they can have a significant effect on the outcome of an experiment. Lack of awareness of control variables can lead to faulty results or what are called "confounding variables." Additionally, noting control variables makes it easier to reproduce an experiment and establish the relationship between the independent and dependent variables.
For example, say you are trying to determine whether a particular fertilizer has an effect on plant growth. The independent variable is the presence or absence of the fertilizer, while the dependent variable is the height of the plant or rate of growth. If you don't control the amount of light (e.g., you perform part of the experiment in the summer and part during the winter), you may skew your results.
Question:
How can the chief election commissioner be removed from his office ?
ANSWER:
The chief election commissioner shall not be removed from office expect in like manner as a judge of the supreme court .
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