What are transgenic animals? Explain any four ways in which such animals can be beneficial for humans.
Answers
Animals that have had their DNA manipulated to possess and express an extra (foreign) gene are called transgenic animals. Transgenic rats, rabbits, pigs and cows have been produced.
Uses of transgenic animals for humans are:
(i) To study gene regulation, their effect on the normal functions of the body and its development,
(ii) Study of genes, which are responsible for diseases in human and their treatment, e.g. cancer,
(iii) Useful biological products can be produced by introducing the portion of DNA, which codes for a particular product into transgenic animals.
(iv) Transgenic mice are developed to test the safety of vaccines before being used in humans.
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Answer:
The organisms which contain functional foreign genes experimentally introduced into their genome by genetic engineering from another species are called transgenic animals.
Benefits of transgenic animals:
1. Study of normal physiology and development: Transgenic animals are useful to study gene regulation, their effect on the normal functioning of the body and its development.
2. Study of diseases: Transgenic models have been developed for many human diseases like cancer, cystic fibrosis, rheumatoid arthritis and Alzheimer’s disease.
3. Vaccine safety: Transgenic mice have been developed to test the safety of vaccines before they are being used on humans.
4. Chemical safety testing: Transgenic animals are made to carry genes which make them more sensitive to the toxic substances than non-transgenic animals. On exposure to the toxic substances, their effects can be studied in a lesser time.
Explanation:
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