Question

What are universal gates? How can AND gate be realized using an appropriate combination of NOR gates

Answer 1

Universal gates are gates that can implement any Boolean expression without the need to use any other gate types.

The universal gates are NAND and NOR.

The reason for this is that they are easier and cheaper to fabricate than all other gates. Therefore, they are the base gates for ICs.

To implement AND with NOR Gates:

Answer 2

A universal gate is a gate which can implement any Boolean function without need to use any other gate type.

NAND gate and NOR gates are called as Universal gates.

Any logical gate an be constructed using only NAND gates or only NOR gates.

How can AND gate be realized using an appropriate combination of NOR gates :

• The AND gate is replaced by a NOR gate with all its inputs complemented by NOR gate inverters.