Question

what are voluntary and involuntary actions​

Answer 1

Voluntary action is an anticipated goal-oriented movement. The concept arises in many areas of study, including cognitive psychology, operant conditioning, philosophy, neurology, and criminology among others, and it has various meanings depending on the context in which it is used.

An involuntary action is one which occurs without the conscious choice of an organism. If it occurs specifically in response to a stimulus, it will be known as a reflex. Involuntary actions are opposite of voluntary actions that occur because of choice.

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Answer 2

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