Question

what are western cyclonic disturbance and how they affect the climate of the lndia

Answer 1

Western Disturbance occurs in India, Pakistan and Nepal to describe an extratropical storm originating in the Mediterranean, that brings sudden winter rain and to the northwestern parts of the Indian subcontinent.[1][2] This is a non-monsoonal precipitation pattern driven by the Westerlies. The moisture in these storms usually originates over the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. Extratropical storms are a global, rather than a localized, phenomena with moisture usually carried in the upper atmosphere (unlike tropical storms where it is carried in the lower atmosphere). In the case of the subcontinent, moisture is sometimes shed as rain when the storm system encounters the Himalayas. Western Disturbances are important to the development of the Rabi crop in the northern subcontinent, which includes the locally important staple wheat.[3][4] Disturbances in winter like the one pictured bring moderate to heavy rain in low-lying areas and heavy snow to mountainous areas of the Indian Subcontinent]] Western Disturbance causes winter and pre monsoon season rainfall across northwest India. Winter months Rainfall has great importance in agriculture, particularly for the rabi crops. Wheat among them is one of the most important crops, which helps to meet India’s food security. During the season, normally 4-5 western disturbances in a month can be seen over northwest India. Some of the western disturbances bring well-distributed and good rainfall, while some pass with negligible rain or sometimes no rain. The Western disturbance affects day-to-day weather of northwest India especially during winter season. It is usually associated with cloudy sky, higher night temperatures, unusual rain etc. Over the Indo-Gangetic plains, it brings cold wave conditions and occasionally dense fog and cold day conditions. These conditions remain stable until it is disturbed by another Western Disturbances. When Disturbance moves across northwest India before the onset of monsoon, a temporary advancement of monsoon current appears over the states including Punjab, Uttar Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir etc. When it passes across north India, it helps to increase monsoon activity over Punjab and Haryana. The numbers of western disturbances start declining after winter to pre-monsoon season. During hot weather months of April and May, they move across north India. Monsoon current generally progresses from east to west in northern Himalayan region of India. But western disturbances follows reverse trend i.e. they move from west to east across north India with consequent rise in pressure carrying cold pool of air. So it helps to activate monsoon in certain parts of northwest India. During winter, there is an low pressure depressions called western disturbances in north-west India. These westerly depressions originate in the Mediterranean and enter India after crossing Pakistan, Iran and Iraq and Afghanistan. They intensify over the north west India and move eastwards causing rain in Punjab and Haryana and snowfall in Himalayan belt. During summer, the whole of east coast of India comes under tropical depressions(low pressure systems originating at the head of the Bay of Bengal). Tropical cyclones occur during the monsoon as well as in October–November, and are a part of easterly flow. They cause heavy loss to life and property. The strongest of western disturbance rains usually occurs in North Pakistan where flooding is reported at number of times during the winter season. in other words its life line for Punjab and other north west parts of India

Answer 2

western disturbances are weather phenomina brought in by the wessterly flow from mediterrainean sea
it brings pre monsoon rain and winter in india