what care the difference between biotic and abiotic factorise and thier advantages and disadvantages
Answers
Abiotic or Non-living Factors
Abiotic factors can be climatic, related to weather, or edaphic, related to soil. Climatic factors include air temperature, wind and rain. Edaphic factors include geography such as topography and mineral content, as well as soil temperature, texture, moisture level, pH level and aeration.
Climatic factors greatly impact which plants and animals can live within an ecosystem. Prevailing weather patterns and conditions dictate the conditions under which species will be expected to live. The patterns not only help to create the environment but also impact water currents. Changes in any of these factors, such as those that occur during occasional fluctuations such as El Niño, have a direct impact and can have both positive and negative effects.
Biotic or Living Factors
All living organisms, from microscopic organisms to humans, are biotic factors. Microscopic organisms are the most plentiful of these and are widely distributed. They are highly adaptable, and their reproduction rates are rapid, allowing them to create a large population in a short time. Their size works to their advantage; they can be dispersed over a large area quickly, either through abiotic factors such as wind or water currents, or by traveling in or on other organisms. The simplicity of the organisms also aids in their adaptability. The conditions needed for growth are few, so they can easily thrive in a greater variety of environments.
Biotic factors impact both their environment and each other. The presence or absence of other organisms influences whether a species needs to compete for food, shelter and other resources. Different species of plants may compete for light, water and nutrients. Some microbes and viruses can cause diseases that may be transmitted to other species, thus lowering the population. Beneficial insects are the primary pollinators of crops, but others have the potential to destroy crops. Insects also may carry diseases, some of which can be transmitted to other species.
The presence of predators impacts the ecosystem. The effect this has depends on three factors: the number of predators in a given environment, how they interact with prey and how they interact with other predators. The existence of multiple predator species in an ecosystem may or may not impact each other, depending on their preferred food source, the size of the habitat and the frequency and quantity of food required. The greatest impact is made when two or more species consume the same prey.
Things such as wind or water currents can relocate micro-organisms and small plants and allow them to start new colonies. This spread of species can be beneficial to the ecosystem as a whole as it can mean a larger food supply for primary consumers. However, it can be a problem when established species are forced to compete with new ones for resources and those invasive species take over and disrupt the balance of the ecosystem.
In some cases, biotic factors can prevent abiotic factors from doing their job. An overpopulation of a species can impact abiotic factors and have a negative effect on other species. Even the smallest organism, such as phytoplankton, can devastate an ecosystem if it is allowed to overpopulate. This is seen in “brown algal blooms” where an excessive number of algae collect on the surface of the water and prevent the sunlight from reaching the area below, effectively killing all life beneath the water. On land, a similar situation is seen when a tree canopy grows to cover a large area, effectively blocking the sun from reaching plant life below.
In ecology and biology, abiotic components are non-living chemical and physical factors in the environment which affect ecosystems. Biotic describes a living component of an ecosystem; for example organisms, such as plants and animals. All living things — autotrophs and heterotrophs — plants, animals, fungi, bacteria.