Question

what causes swelling in organelles and irreversible damage to the cells

Answer 1

this can be due to physical, chemical, infectious, biological, nutritional or immunological factors.cell damage can be irreversible.

Answer 2

the cause happens when there is a swelling organelles. they are : physical agents such as neba can damage a cell by literally cooking their contents. impaired nutrient supply such as lack of glucose and oxygen. or impaired production of ATP may deprive  the cell of essential materials needed to survive. and yes, cell damage can be reversible or irreversible. and even other causes like physical, chemical and biological factor are also responsible.   hope it helps...........................................................