Question

What cultural and educational rights are enjoyed by the minority communities in india?

Answer 1

the people and inalienable rights of the people who enjoy it under the charter of rightscontained in Part III (Article 12 to 35) of Constitution of India. It guarantees civil liberties that all Indians can lead their lives in peace and harmony as citizens of India. These include individual rights common to most liberal democracies, such as equality before law, freedom of speech and expression, religious and cultural freedom and peaceful assembly, freedom to practice religion, and the right to constitutionalremedies for the protection of civil rights by means of writs such as habeas corpus, Mandamus, Prohibition, Certiorari and Quo Warranto. Violation of these rights result in punishments as prescribed in the Indian Penal Code or other special laws, subject to discretion of the judiciary. The Fundamental Rights are defined as basic human freedomsthat every Indian citizen has the right to enjoy for a proper and harmonious development of personality. These rights universally apply to all citizens, irrespective of race, place of birth, religion, caste or gender. Though the rights conferred by the constitution other than fundamental rights are equally valid and their enforcement in case of violation shall be secured from the judiciary in a time consuming legal process. However, in case of fundamental rights violation, the Supreme Court of India can be approached directly for ultimate justice per Article 32. The Rights have their origins in many sources, including England's Bill of Rights, the United States Bill of Rights and France's Declaration of the Rights of Man.

The six fundamental rights recognised by the Indian constitution are the:

Right to equalityRight cultural and educational rightRight to freedomRight against exploitationRight to freedom of religion, andRight to constitutional remedies.

1. The right to equality includes equality before law, prohibition of discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, gender or place of birth, and equality of opportunity in matters of employment, abolition of untouchability and abolition of titles.

2. The right to freedom includes freedom of speech and expression, assembly, association or union or cooperatives, movement, residence, and right to practice any profession or occupation.

3. Right to life and liberty, protection in respect to conviction in offences and protection against arrest and detention in certain cases.

4. The right against exploitation prohibits all forms of forced labour, child labour and trafficking of human beings.

5. The right to freedom of religion includes freedom of conscience and free profession, practice, and propagation of religion, freedom to manage religious affairs, freedom from certain taxes and freedom from religious instructions in certain educational institutes. Cultural and educational rights preserve the right of any section of citizens to conserve their culture, language or script, and right of minorities to establish and administer educational institutions of their choice.

6. The right to constitutional remedies is present for enforcement of Fundamental Rights. The right to privacy is an intrinsic part of Article 21 (the Right to Freedom) that protects life and liberty of the citizens.

Fundamental rights for Indians have also been aimed at overturning the inequalities of pre-independence social practices. Specifically, they have also been used to abolish untouchability and thus prohibit discrimination on the grounds of religion, race, caste, sex, or place of birth. They also forbid trafficking of human beings and forced labour (a crime). They also protect cultural and educational rights of religious and linguistic minorities by allowing them to preserve their languages and also establish and administer their own education institutions. They are covered in Part III (Articles 12 to 35) of Indian constitution.

Some features of Indian Constitution :

1. It provides safeguard if any political leader misuses his power.

2. It also provides safeguard against discrimination.

3. It says "all persons are equal before law."

4. It provides fundamental rights.

Answer 2

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Fundamental Rights➫ The basic human freedom that every Indian citizens to enjoy for a proper & harmonious development of personality.

♦ It the basic & civil liberties of the people.

♦ It is sections of the Constitution of India that provides people with their rights.

➧ Significance 0f Fundamental Rights are:-
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❱ They gives the people a sense of security & confidence as it safeguards the basic human rights.

❱ To protect us from such oppressive practices.

❱ They ensure that a citizens can live with dignity & equality in his country.

❱ They also act as a means to redress the violation of Fundamental Rights.

➧ Types 0f Fundamental Rights are:-
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[1] Right To Equality:-
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❱ Abolition of untouchablilty.

❱ Social equality & equal access to public areas.

❱ Equality In matters of public employment.

❱ It ensure equal rights for all citizens.

❱ It prohibits inequality on the basis of caste, sex place, of birth & religion.

[2] Right To Freedom:-
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❱ Freedom of speech and expression.

❱ Assembly in a peaceful manner.

❱ Move freely throughout the country.

❱ Reside in any part of the country.

❱ Practices in any profession & business.

❱ Form Association & Union.

[3] Right To Exploitation:-
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❱ Prohibition of beggar & forced labour.

❱ Prohibition of human trafficking.

❱ Prohibition of child labour under 14 years of age.

[4] Right To Freedom 0f Religions:-
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❱ Freedom to manage religious affair.

❱ Freedom to convert into any religious.

❱ Religious communities can setup charitable Institution of their own.

❱ A state run institution cannot impart education that is pro-religion.

[5] Cultural & Education Rights:-
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❱ Protection of interest of minorities.

❱ Every child has the right to get basic education.

❱ To establish & administer educational institution.

[6] Right to constitutional Remedies:-
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❱ It helps to secure all the rights.

❱ Empower to Citizen to move a court of law in case of any denial of fundamental rights.

❱ The Supreme court & High court can issue writs to enforce right to individuals.

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