What did britain came to be as known as in the 1850s?
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it occurred because of many events such as
18 January – Don Pacifico affair: Lord Palmerston, the Foreign Secretary, sends a Royal Navy squadron to blockade the port of Piraeus in the Aegean Sea in defence of the interests of a British citizen, causing a diplomatic incident with Russia and France.[1]
5 March – opening of Robert Stephenson's Britannia Bridge carrying the Chester and Holyhead Railway across the Menai Straitbetween the island of Anglesey and the mainland of Wales.[2]
9 March – the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council delivers judgement in a case brought on appeal by Rev. George Cornelius Gorham which effectively gives the civil courts power to determine the doctrine of the Church of England.
31 March – the paddle steamer RMS Royal Adelaide (1838), bound from Cork to London, sinks off Margate with the loss of all 250 on board.[3]
4 April – North London Collegiate School for girls established in new premises with Frances Buss as Principal.
19 April – Clayton–Bulwer Treaty signed between the United Kingdom and the United States agreeing that neither nation is to colonize or control any Central American republic. The purpose is to prevent one country from building a canal across the isthmus that the other would not be able to use.[4]
25 May – the hippopotamus Obaysch arrives at London Zoo from Egypt, the first to live in the British Isles since prehistoric times.
27 June – eccentric Robert Pate physically assaults Queen Victoria with his cane in Piccadilly (London).
29 June – Don Pacifico affair: Palmerstondefends his action robustly in Parliament.
3 July – the Koh-i-Noor diamond is presented to Queen Victoria.
5 August – colonies of New South Wales, South Australia, Tasmania, and Victoria granted representative government.[5]
14 August – Irish Franchise Act increases the rural electorate in Ireland.[5]
27 August – a telegraph cable is laid beneath the English Channel running from Dover to Cap Gris Nez in France.[2]
29 September – by the Bull Universalis Ecclesiae, Pope Pius IX recreates the Roman Catholichierarchy in England and Wales, which had become extinct with the death of the last Marianbishop in the reign of Elizabeth I, a move held by many protestants to constitute "papal aggression". Nicholas Wiseman is appointed first Archbishop of Westminster and elevated to Cardinal. He issues a pastoral letter, From Without the Flaminian Gate, and on 21 November is enthroned in St George's Cathedral, Southwark.
22–3 October – first Wenlock Olympian Class Games held at Much Wenlock, Shropshire.
17 October – James Young patents a method of distilling paraffin from coal, laying the foundations for the Scottish paraffin industry.
November
Undergraduates at Exeter College, Oxfordarrange a "foot grind" (a cross-country steeplechase), the first organised university athletic event in Britain.[6]
Salford Museum and Art Gallery first opens as "The Royal Museum & Public Library", the first unconditionally free public library in England, established under the Museums Act 1845.[7]
19 November – Alfred Tennyson appointed as Poet Laureate.[2]
25 November – gale in the English Channel.
17 December – the Inman Line (Liverpool and Philadelphia Steamship Company) begins operation when new iron paddle steamer SS City of Glasgow puts out from Liverpool bound for Philadelphia.
UndatedEdit
Public Libraries Act, Interpretation Act, Police of Scotland Act and Factory Act passed by parliament.
Central Criminal Lunatic Asylum for Irelandopened in Dundrum, Dublin, the first secure hospital in Europe.[8]
The University of Oxford establishes an Honour School (i.e. an undergraduate course) in Natural Science.
Bingley Hall, the world's first purpose-built permanent exhibition hall, opens in Birmingham.
London butchers C Lidgate opens for the first time.
18 January – Don Pacifico affair: Lord Palmerston, the Foreign Secretary, sends a Royal Navy squadron to blockade the port of Piraeus in the Aegean Sea in defence of the interests of a British citizen, causing a diplomatic incident with Russia and France.[1]
5 March – opening of Robert Stephenson's Britannia Bridge carrying the Chester and Holyhead Railway across the Menai Straitbetween the island of Anglesey and the mainland of Wales.[2]
9 March – the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council delivers judgement in a case brought on appeal by Rev. George Cornelius Gorham which effectively gives the civil courts power to determine the doctrine of the Church of England.
31 March – the paddle steamer RMS Royal Adelaide (1838), bound from Cork to London, sinks off Margate with the loss of all 250 on board.[3]
4 April – North London Collegiate School for girls established in new premises with Frances Buss as Principal.
19 April – Clayton–Bulwer Treaty signed between the United Kingdom and the United States agreeing that neither nation is to colonize or control any Central American republic. The purpose is to prevent one country from building a canal across the isthmus that the other would not be able to use.[4]
25 May – the hippopotamus Obaysch arrives at London Zoo from Egypt, the first to live in the British Isles since prehistoric times.
27 June – eccentric Robert Pate physically assaults Queen Victoria with his cane in Piccadilly (London).
29 June – Don Pacifico affair: Palmerstondefends his action robustly in Parliament.
3 July – the Koh-i-Noor diamond is presented to Queen Victoria.
5 August – colonies of New South Wales, South Australia, Tasmania, and Victoria granted representative government.[5]
14 August – Irish Franchise Act increases the rural electorate in Ireland.[5]
27 August – a telegraph cable is laid beneath the English Channel running from Dover to Cap Gris Nez in France.[2]
29 September – by the Bull Universalis Ecclesiae, Pope Pius IX recreates the Roman Catholichierarchy in England and Wales, which had become extinct with the death of the last Marianbishop in the reign of Elizabeth I, a move held by many protestants to constitute "papal aggression". Nicholas Wiseman is appointed first Archbishop of Westminster and elevated to Cardinal. He issues a pastoral letter, From Without the Flaminian Gate, and on 21 November is enthroned in St George's Cathedral, Southwark.
22–3 October – first Wenlock Olympian Class Games held at Much Wenlock, Shropshire.
17 October – James Young patents a method of distilling paraffin from coal, laying the foundations for the Scottish paraffin industry.
November
Undergraduates at Exeter College, Oxfordarrange a "foot grind" (a cross-country steeplechase), the first organised university athletic event in Britain.[6]
Salford Museum and Art Gallery first opens as "The Royal Museum & Public Library", the first unconditionally free public library in England, established under the Museums Act 1845.[7]
19 November – Alfred Tennyson appointed as Poet Laureate.[2]
25 November – gale in the English Channel.
17 December – the Inman Line (Liverpool and Philadelphia Steamship Company) begins operation when new iron paddle steamer SS City of Glasgow puts out from Liverpool bound for Philadelphia.
UndatedEdit
Public Libraries Act, Interpretation Act, Police of Scotland Act and Factory Act passed by parliament.
Central Criminal Lunatic Asylum for Irelandopened in Dundrum, Dublin, the first secure hospital in Europe.[8]
The University of Oxford establishes an Honour School (i.e. an undergraduate course) in Natural Science.
Bingley Hall, the world's first purpose-built permanent exhibition hall, opens in Birmingham.
London butchers C Lidgate opens for the first time.
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made Britain the leading industrial nation in the nineteenth century.Additionally, with the growth of its iron and steel industry from the 1850s, Britain came to be known as the “workshop of the world
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